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Neural ODE Transformers: Analyzing Internal Dynamics and Adaptive Fine-tuning

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arxiv 2503.01329 v2 pith:M2OT5MWA submitted 2025-03-03 cs.LG cs.AI

Neural ODE Transformers: Analyzing Internal Dynamics and Adaptive Fine-tuning

classification cs.LG cs.AI
keywords neuralmodeltransformerarchitecturesdynamicsfine-tuningflexibletransformers
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) based on transformer architectures have sparked significant interest in understanding their inner workings. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to modeling transformer architectures using highly flexible non-autonomous neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Our proposed model parameterizes all weights of attention and feed-forward blocks through neural networks, expressing these weights as functions of a continuous layer index. Through spectral analysis of the model's dynamics, we uncover an increase in eigenvalue magnitude that challenges the weight-sharing assumption prevalent in existing theoretical studies. We also leverage the Lyapunov exponent to examine token-level sensitivity, enhancing model interpretability. Our neural ODE transformer demonstrates performance comparable to or better than vanilla transformers across various configurations and datasets, while offering flexible fine-tuning capabilities that can adapt to different architectural constraints.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

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