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Steering off Course: Reliability Challenges in Steering Language Models

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arxiv 2504.04635 v1 pith:2O3KKWFJ submitted 2025-04-06 cs.CL

Steering off Course: Reliability Challenges in Steering Language Models

classification cs.CL
keywords steeringmodelsmethodslanguagereliabilitystudiesvectorsactivations
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Steering methods for language models (LMs) have gained traction as lightweight alternatives to fine-tuning, enabling targeted modifications to model activations. However, prior studies primarily report results on a few models, leaving critical gaps in understanding the robustness of these methods. In this work, we systematically examine three prominent steering methods -- DoLa, function vectors, and task vectors. In contrast to the original studies, which evaluated a handful of models, we test up to 36 models belonging to 14 families with sizes ranging from 1.5B to 70B parameters. Our experiments reveal substantial variability in the effectiveness of the steering approaches, with a large number of models showing no improvement and at times degradation in steering performance. Our analysis demonstrate fundamental flaws in the assumptions underlying these methods, challenging their reliability as scalable steering solutions.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Manifold Steering Reveals the Shared Geometry of Neural Network Representation and Behavior

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Manifold steering along activation geometry induces behavioral trajectories matching the natural manifold of outputs, while linear steering produces off-manifold unnatural behaviors.

  2. Activation Steering for Synthetic Data Generation: The Role of Diversity in Downstream Safety Detection

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Activation steering produces synthetic safety-violating data that improves downstream classifiers over prompting on most tested concepts when a harmonic mean of alignment, coherence, and diversity is optimized.

  3. Order Is Not Control

    cs.LG 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Order is distinct from control, where control is defined as a local receiver-gated response law demonstrated across biological circuits and LLM response panels with reported prediction accuracies of 72-84%.

  4. Decodable but Not Corrected by Fixed Residual-Stream Linear Steering: Evidence from Medical LLM Failure Regimes

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Overthinking in medical QA is linearly decodable at 71.6% accuracy yet fixed residual-stream steering yields no correction across 29 configurations, while enabling selective abstention with AUROC 0.610.

  5. Locate, Steer, and Improve: A Practical Survey of Actionable Mechanistic Interpretability in Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    The survey organizes mechanistic interpretability techniques into a Locate-Steer-Improve framework to enable actionable improvements in LLM alignment, capability, and efficiency.