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RSVP: Reasoning Segmentation via Visual Prompting and Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought

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arxiv 2506.04277 v1 pith:VWG444UB submitted 2025-06-04 cs.CV cs.AI

RSVP: Reasoning Segmentation via Visual Prompting and Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought

classification cs.CV cs.AI
keywords visualreasoningsegmentationrsvpframeworkmllmsmultimodalachieves
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capability while lack explicit mechanisms for visual grounding and segmentation, creating a gap between cognitive reasoning and visual perception. To bridge this gap, we introduce Reasoning Segmentation via Visual Prompting (RSVP), a novel framework that unifies multi-step multimodal reasoning with grounded visual understanding. RSVP is a two-stage structuralized framework that integrates reasoning-driven localization with segmentation refinement. In the reasoning stage, RSVP employs multimodal chain-of-thought visual prompts to help MLLMs understand queries and infer targets, generating interpretable region proposals that enhance visual grounding. In segmentation stage, RSVP refines these proposals with a Vision-Language Segmentation Module (VLSM), seamlessly integrates textual and visual cues to produce precise segmentation masks. By explicitly modelling the interaction between multimodal reasoning and segmentation, RSVP introduces a new paradigm for interpretable reasoning segmentation. It exploits MLLMs' inherent localization capabilities, enabling the models to not only reason about objects but also generate structured visual representations. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that RSVP achieves state-of-the-art performance, surpasses state-of-the-art methods by up to +6.5 gIoU and +9.2 cIoU on ReasonSeg, and achieves 49.7 mAP on SegInW under zero-shot settings. These results validate RSVP as an effective and scalable framework for integrating cognitive reasoning with structured visual understanding.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Reason Twice: Segmentation via Candidate Discovery and Comparative Reasoning

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Rea2Seg turns image segmentation into candidate mask discovery from MLLM attention followed by MLLM-based comparative scoring and selection, plus a new multi-dimensional reasoning benchmark ReasonSeg-SGDR.

  2. Vision Harnessing Agent for Open Ad-hoc Segmentation

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    VASA is a vision-guided agent for open ad-hoc segmentation that creates and validates masks through planning, tool use, and error recovery, outperforming baselines on the new PARS benchmark and RefCOCOm.

  3. SAM 3: Segment Anything with Concepts

    cs.CV 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    SAM 3 introduces promptable concept segmentation that doubles accuracy of prior systems on images and videos while improving standard SAM segmentation performance.

  4. MapTab: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Long-Horizon Multi-Criteria Multimodal Reasoning on Heterogeneous Topological Graphs

    cs.LG 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0

    MapTab is a new multimodal benchmark with 328 images and nearly 200k queries that shows current MLLMs have substantial difficulty with multi-criteria route planning when visual and tabular information must be combined.

  5. MapTab: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Long-Horizon Multi-Criteria Multimodal Reasoning on Heterogeneous Topological Graphs

    cs.LG 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    MapTab benchmark shows current MLLMs struggle with multi-criteria multimodal route planning and that combining vision and language frequently underperforms single-modality approaches.

  6. MapTab: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Long-Horizon Multi-Criteria Multimodal Reasoning on Heterogeneous Topological Graphs

    cs.LG 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0

    MapTab introduces a 328-map, 196,800-query benchmark showing that current multimodal LLMs fall far short on multi-criteria route planning from maps-plus-tables.

  7. A Tool Bottleneck Framework for Clinically-Informed and Interpretable Medical Image Understanding

    cs.CV 2025-12 reject novelty 6.0

    A 'tool bottleneck' framework—VLM tool selection plus learned spatial fusion—matches or beats black-box classifiers, especially on scarce data.