Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 24 of 24 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.09715.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.09715 v1

Coverage vector

measured 24 of 24 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:44.791907Z

measured 24 of 24 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

24 of 24 outbound references displayed

verified exact5
verified fuzzy2
unresolved17
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation b6be8b32-ebd9-4f66-acc8-98724e0fec8a · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Open-Domain Question Answering in the Era of Large Language Models.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Evaluating Open-Domain Question Answering in the Era of Large Language Models

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:42.765424Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a574463d-4db6-463f-9acc-c927ec00bfdd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:42.878666Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a4913287-2301-4405-a3d0-25809dc5cfc3 · outbound

This paper cites Question-Analysis Prompting Improves LLM Performance in Reasoning Tasks.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Question-Analysis Prompting Improves LLM Performance in Reasoning Tasks

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:42.949054Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0df7d60c-c29f-471f-8e0d-b9ffe0f3c2f7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:43.022629Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6a8ad2ed-f9af-4b53-ab80-9efb5e6734de · outbound

This paper cites On Faithfulness and Factuality in Abstractive Summarization.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA On Faithfulness and Factuality in Abstractive Summarization

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:43.084122Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d24de2c0-9941-4064-8e58-6ffb4d827f04 · outbound

This paper cites Govil, H.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Govil, H

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:46.242078Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 88eee126-afdc-4c20-bac5-246d7778022e · outbound

This paper cites Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:43.287658Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b4a6978d-4810-48f6-84b6-dae28c19e711 · outbound

This paper cites Huang, X.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Huang, X

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:43.367241Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f618e602-033b-485e-8bfe-c48d9bc60dae · outbound

This paper cites Benchmarking Hallucination in Large Language Models based on Unanswerable Math Word Problem.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Benchmarking Hallucination in Large Language Models based on Unanswerable Math Word Problem

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:43.463462Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c8a7c455-7992-46a3-b654-71b111f18746 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey on Symbolic Knowledge Distillation of Large Language Models.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA A Survey on Symbolic Knowledge Distillation of Large Language Models

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:45.733381Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation a7015751-3cf9-4e52-8bdb-8f8de4b6ede5 · outbound

This paper cites Towards AI-Complete Question Answering: A Set of Prerequisite Toy Tasks.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Towards AI-Complete Question Answering: A Set of Prerequisite Toy Tasks

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:43.636806Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation af0eafb0-43e3-4ec8-8889-3c0fe70e004e · outbound

This paper cites Siren's Song in the AI Ocean: A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Siren's Song in the AI Ocean: A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:43.740485Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 228ea1e2-5788-432c-98ae-c894f7267fbc · outbound

This paper cites Reducing Quantity Hallucinations in Abstractive Summarization.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Reducing Quantity Hallucinations in Abstractive Summarization

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:45.607518Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation da6a4c85-28e7-4649-b44e-3df23c2d1740 · outbound

This paper cites FEQA: A Question Answering Evaluation Framework for Faithfulness Assessment in Abstractive Summarization.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA FEQA: A Question Answering Evaluation Framework for Faithfulness Assessment in Abstractive Summarization

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:43.891818Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a5edd221-edc6-4ec2-bba9-cd6770c2b83e · outbound

This paper cites LLM Lies: Hallucinations are not Bugs, but Features as Adversarial Examples.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA LLM Lies: Hallucinations are not Bugs, but Features as Adversarial Examples

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:43.973456Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7dbe9493-14f0-44dd-a768-1177c13b126a · outbound

This paper cites TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoods.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoods

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:44.092717Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 33d4ea83-1633-4ada-866a-7f811392355a · outbound

This paper cites HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:44.151647Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f1423c7c-4288-47f9-9b25-a65cfed6291f · outbound

This paper cites Exploring the Relationship between LLM Hallucinations and Prompt Linguistic Nuances: Readability, Formality, and Concreteness.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Exploring the Relationship between LLM Hallucinations and Prompt Linguistic Nuances: Readability, Formality, and Concreteness

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:45.421480Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 1f37f613-373d-4467-b7ac-c193e276912f · outbound

This paper cites Investigating and Addressing Hallucinations of LLMs in Tasks Involving Negation.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Investigating and Addressing Hallucinations of LLMs in Tasks Involving Negation

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:45.292033Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 2f1192c7-a753-48da-8a6c-193ae88665ab · outbound

This paper cites Strong hallucinations from negation and how to fix them.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Strong hallucinations from negation and how to fix them

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:45.153154Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation cc1b39af-0828-4571-9732-d1667f0fbafd · outbound

This paper cites Joshi, S.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Joshi, S

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:45.997456Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation a15c71b3-b44d-49c8-8f48-ef98d601d7db · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:44.587920Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 69e580f3-933d-4b9d-85cd-f3d7000bbe1f · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 3 Technical Report.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA Gemma 3 Technical Report

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:44.686632Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 64bae72e-6f2d-45e3-a86e-bcd48d11aca8 · outbound

This paper cites AxBench: Steering LLMs? Even Simple Baselines Outperform Sparse Autoencoders.

Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA AxBench: Steering LLMs? Even Simple Baselines Outperform Sparse Autoencoders

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:18:44.791907Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.