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Substructure grooming of inclusive and photon-tagged jets in heavy-ion collisions
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 16 Dec 2025 · Published version
abstract compiled · 2026-09-24 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim We show that the suppression of high $k_{\rm T,g}$ arises from the combined effects of the reduction of the subleading subjet transverse momentum due to partonic energy loss and the narrowing of the groomed jet radius $R_g$ induced by selection bias.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
Jet substructure provides a powerful probe of partonic interactions within the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions. In this paper, we present a systematic theoretical study of the groomed substructures for both inclusive jets and photon-tagged jets ($\gamma+$jets) utilizing the Dynamical and Soft-Drop Grooming algorithms in PbPb collisions by employing the SHELL transport model. Our theoretical calculations exhibit a suppression at high $k_{\rm T,g}$, the relative transverse momentum between the two subjets in the groomed substructure, consistent with the recent ALICE measurements. We show that the suppression of high $k_{\rm T,g}$ arises from the combined effects of the reduction of the subleading subjet transverse momentum due to partonic energy loss and the narrowing of the groomed jet radius $R_g$ induced by selection bias. Our findings demonstrate that no enhancement is observed at high $k_{\rm T,g}$, even in the complete absence of selection bias. Furthermore, we propose that the broadening of $R_g$ in photon-tagged jets, which are less susceptible to selection bias compared to inclusive jets, provides relatively direct evidence of the jet substructure broadening. Our analysis reveals that the $R_g$ broadening becomes more pronounced as the jet radius increases, where the medium-induced gluon radiation plays a dominant role in driving such broadening. In particular, we find that as the jet radius increases, the Soft Drop grooming algorithm exhibits a better resolving power for the contribution of the medium response to the jet substructure broadening.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | Jet substructure provides a powerful probe of partonic interactions within the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions. | background 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.02 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | In this paper, we present a systematic theoretical study of the groomed substructures for both inclusive jets and photon-tagged jets ($\gamma+$jets) utilizing the Dynamical and Soft-Drop Grooming algorithms in PbPb collisions by employing the SHELL transport model. | contribution 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.04 | asserted 0.98 |
| s2 | Our theoretical calculations exhibit a suppression at high $k_{\rm T,g}$, the relative transverse momentum between the two subjets in the groomed substructure, consistent with the recent ALICE measurements. | result 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.21 | hedged possibility 0.56 |
| s3 | We show that the suppression of high $k_{\rm T,g}$ arises from the combined effects of the reduction of the subleading subjet transverse momentum due to partonic energy loss and the narrowing of the groomed jet radius $R_g$ induced by selection bias. | interpretation 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.35 | asserted 1.00 |
| s4 | Our findings demonstrate that no enhancement is observed at high $k_{\rm T,g}$, even in the complete absence of selection bias. | result 0.99 | 0.94 | 0.18 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | Furthermore, we propose that the broadening of $R_g$ in photon-tagged jets, which are less susceptible to selection bias compared to inclusive jets, provides relatively direct evidence of the jet substructure broadening. | interpretation 0.88 | 0.67 | 0.20 | hedged possibility 0.68 |
| s6 | Our analysis reveals that the $R_g$ broadening becomes more pronounced as the jet radius increases, where the medium-induced gluon radiation plays a dominant role in driving such broadening. | result 0.89 | 0.94 | 0.13 | asserted 1.00 |
| s7 | In particular, we find that as the jet radius increases, the Soft Drop grooming algorithm exhibits a better resolving power for the contribution of the medium response to the jet substructure broadening. | result 0.88 | 0.93 | 0.13 | asserted 1.00 |
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The paper
Original abstract
Jet substructure provides a powerful probe of partonic interactions within the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions. In this paper, we present a systematic theoretical study of the groomed substructures for both inclusive jets and photon-tagged jets ($\gamma+$jets) utilizing the Dynamical and Soft-Drop Grooming algorithms in PbPb collisions by employing the SHELL transport model. Our theoretical calculations exhibit a suppression at high $k_{\rm T,g}$, the relative transverse momentum between the two subjets in the groomed substructure, consistent with the recent ALICE measurements. We show that the suppression of high $k_{\rm T,g}$ arises from the combined effects of the reduction of the subleading subjet transverse momentum due to partonic energy loss and the narrowing of the groomed jet radius $R_g$ induced by selection bias. Our findings demonstrate that no enhancement is observed at high $k_{\rm T,g}$, even in the complete absence of selection bias. Furthermore, we propose that the broadening of $R_g$ in photon-tagged jets, which are less susceptible to selection bias compared to inclusive jets, provides relatively direct evidence of the jet substructure broadening. Our analysis reveals that the $R_g$ broadening becomes more pronounced as the jet radius increases, where the medium-induced gluon radiation plays a dominant role in driving such broadening. In particular, we find that as the jet radius increases, the Soft Drop grooming algorithm exhibits a better resolving power for the contribution of the medium response to the jet substructure broadening.
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What this paper does with the arXiv papers it cites
What it cites · 85 sentences without a confident label
Uses the method or tool of 12 papers
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Partonic jet energy loss: The contribution of inelastic scattering, which dominates the partonic jet energy loss, is given by the medium-induced radiated gluon spectrum calculated within the higher-twist formalism [ref] .
Heavy Quark Energy Loss in Nuclear Medium · Theoretical framework of jet transport in QGP · 0.82
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Partonic jet energy loss: The contribution of inelastic scattering, which dominates the partonic jet energy loss, is given by the medium-induced radiated gluon spectrum calculated within the higher-twist formalism [ref] .
Multiple Parton Scattering in Nuclei: Beyond Helicity Amplitude Approximation · Theoretical framework of jet transport in QGP · 0.82
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Partonic jet energy loss: The contribution of inelastic scattering, which dominates the partonic jet energy loss, is given by the medium-induced radiated gluon spectrum calculated within the higher-twist formalism [ref] .
Multiple Scattering, Parton Energy Loss and Modified Fragmentation Functions in Deeply Inelastic eA Scattering · Theoretical framework of jet transport in QGP · 0.82
Uses data or values from 1 paper
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As a key parameter in the SHELL model, $q̂_0=1.2 ±0.2$ GeV$^2$/fm has been extracted via a global $χ^2$ fit to the yields of major identified hadron ($π^0$, $η$, $ρ^0$, $ϕ$, $ω$, and $K_S^0$) in PbPb collisions at the LHC [ref] .
NLO Productions of $\omega$ and $K^0_{\rm S}$ with a Global Extraction of the Jet Transport Parameter in Heavy Ion collisions · Theoretical framework of jet transport in QGP · 0.99
Compares with 1 paper
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By comparing with experimental data at two centrality classes [ref] , the model calculations provide a reasonable description of the $k_T,g$ spectra and their medium modifications.
Search for quasi-particle scattering in the quark-gluon plasma with jet splittings in pp and Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\mathbf{\sqrt{\textit{s}_{\rm NN}} = 5.02}$ TeV · Results and discussions · 0.92
Cites as support 7 papers
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The narrowing of $k_T,g$ distribution of inclusive jets was attributed primarily to selection bias suggested by the ALICE Collaboration [ref] , a phenomenon that has also been observed in other jet measurements [ref] .
Medium modification of the shape of small-radius jets in central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}} = 2.76\,\rm{TeV}$ · Results and discussions · 0.96
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The narrowing of $k_T,g$ distribution of inclusive jets was attributed primarily to selection bias suggested by the ALICE Collaboration [ref] , a phenomenon that has also been observed in other jet measurements [ref] .
Measurement of the groomed jet radius and momentum splitting fraction in pp and Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV · Results and discussions · 0.96
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The narrowing of $k_T,g$ distribution of inclusive jets was attributed primarily to selection bias suggested by the ALICE Collaboration [ref] , a phenomenon that has also been observed in other jet measurements [ref] .
Measurement of substructure-dependent jet suppression in Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector · Results and discussions · 0.96
Cites as background 27 papers
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Jet quenching phenomena, the strong interaction between high-$p_T$ jets and the QGP medium, stand out as one of the most effective probes for unraveling the properties of this new state of matter [ref] .
Jet tomography of high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions at next-to-leading order · Introduction · 0.85
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Jet quenching phenomena, the strong interaction between high-$p_T$ jets and the QGP medium, stand out as one of the most effective probes for unraveling the properties of this new state of matter [ref] .
Jet quenching in high-energy heavy-ion collisions · Introduction · 0.85
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Jet quenching phenomena, the strong interaction between high-$p_T$ jets and the QGP medium, stand out as one of the most effective probes for unraveling the properties of this new state of matter [ref] .
Bottom hadro-chemistry in high-energy hadronic collisions · Introduction · 0.85
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