Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 169 outbound references and 5 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2512.20054.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2512.20054 v2

Coverage vector

measured 100 of 169 reference resolution

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Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:32.533103Z

measured 105 of 105 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00

measured 5 of 5 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T14:20:11.341264Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

100 of 169 outbound references displayed

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verified fuzzy0
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External citation measurements

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arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

Observation 2eacd42f-e661-46c8-990a-5c400a733658 · outbound

This paper cites GWTC-4.0: An Introduction to Version 4.0 of the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes GWTC-4.0: An Introduction to Version 4.0 of the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:22.314826Z

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Observation 674c092e-4691-4c68-9ebb-ed9af50d5afe · outbound

This paper cites GWTC-4.0: Updating the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog with Observations from the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes GWTC-4.0: Updating the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog with Observations from the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:22.358485Z

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Observation f79fb8db-6508-4a72-afce-0e8fec387c50 · outbound

This paper cites GWTC-4.0: Population Properties of Merging Compact Binaries.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes GWTC-4.0: Population Properties of Merging Compact Binaries

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:22.462191Z

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Observation a9791733-6d72-4ed8-ad6b-9783c4e6966a · outbound

This paper cites Clusters of primordial black holes.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Clusters of primordial black holes

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:22.571717Z

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Observation 2538c34e-27cb-46fe-a267-0928142f6542 · outbound

This paper cites Black Holes: The Next Generation -- Repeated Mergers in Dense Star Clusters and their Gravitational-Wave Properties.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Black Holes: The Next Generation -- Repeated Mergers in Dense Star Clusters and their Gravitational-Wave Properties

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:22.685207Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation e61d91eb-00f8-4212-b76e-3c94101395ff · outbound

This paper cites AGN as Potential Factories for Eccentric Black Hole Mergers.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes AGN as Potential Factories for Eccentric Black Hole Mergers

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:22.745375Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 879363dd-7a0b-4b5d-a6bb-f982ca97a3ea · outbound

This paper cites Hydrodynamical Evolution of Black-Hole Binaries Embedded in AGN Discs.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Hydrodynamical Evolution of Black-Hole Binaries Embedded in AGN Discs

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:22.853287Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 681da8d3-9c40-415e-bb9b-ec215d2bca38 · outbound

This paper cites Massive Stellar Triples Leading to Sequential Binary Black-Hole Mergers in the Field.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Massive Stellar Triples Leading to Sequential Binary Black-Hole Mergers in the Field

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:22.913418Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 8966bc1d-b95b-49c3-834e-67c156454f8a · outbound

This paper cites Black Hole and Neutron Star Binary Mergers in Triple Systems: Merger Fraction and Spin-Orbit Misalignment.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Black Hole and Neutron Star Binary Mergers in Triple Systems: Merger Fraction and Spin-Orbit Misalignment

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:23.011350Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 77382cf2-4bf0-416e-8937-2f2437c24acd · outbound

This paper cites Binary black hole mergers: formation and populations.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Binary black hole mergers: formation and populations

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:23.106839Z

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Observation 060173bf-befa-476a-8135-80796ca61caf · outbound

This paper cites Rates of Compact Object Coalescences.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Rates of Compact Object Coalescences

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:23.165681Z

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Observation 752b1bf8-a278-4ada-90af-d9e12c253237 · outbound

This paper cites Binary interaction dominates the evolution of massive stars.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Binary interaction dominates the evolution of massive stars

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:23.274311Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 607b89ef-14cc-405a-b3b1-ea23dc2fb514 · outbound

This paper cites Binary Black Hole Formation with Detailed Modeling: Stable Mass Transfer Leads to Lower Merger Rates.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Binary Black Hole Formation with Detailed Modeling: Stable Mass Transfer Leads to Lower Merger Rates

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:23.387455Z

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Observation 495e3a53-3020-40ed-9801-e8a565cbb1dd · outbound

This paper cites The cosmic merger rate of stellar black hole binaries from the Illustris simulation.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes The cosmic merger rate of stellar black hole binaries from the Illustris simulation

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:23.442789Z

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Observation 4665c906-0f57-4219-a5e1-77a01ff72da6 · outbound

This paper cites Progenitors of gravitational wave mergers: Binary evolution with the stellar grid-based code ComBinE.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Progenitors of gravitational wave mergers: Binary evolution with the stellar grid-based code ComBinE

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:23.551896Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation f324a1fb-cd6b-4cb6-bd45-2703146c071b · outbound

This paper cites Population Synthesis of Black Hole Binaries with Compact Star Companions.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Population Synthesis of Black Hole Binaries with Compact Star Companions

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:23.611843Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation d5322691-1c88-4938-972e-cde227d80211 · outbound

This paper cites The formation of $30\,M_\odot$ merging black holes at solar metallicity.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes The formation of $30\,M_\odot$ merging black holes at solar metallicity

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:23.717747Z

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Observation 89f2a6f6-f2ec-4fac-9799-b2f0248c5657 · outbound

This paper cites The first gravitational-wave source from the isolated evolution of two 40-100 Msun stars.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes The first gravitational-wave source from the isolated evolution of two 40-100 Msun stars

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:23.865950Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation abb1d418-a8bd-4307-8b9c-87c414470260 · outbound

This paper cites The Evolution of Massive Binary Stars.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes The Evolution of Massive Binary Stars

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:23.902856Z

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Observation ef22961f-226a-41e8-8048-96e6c0745501 · outbound

This paper cites Common Envelope Evolution: Where we stand and how we can move forward.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Common Envelope Evolution: Where we stand and how we can move forward

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:23.952843Z

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Observation ce9da954-39e3-487a-bd26-708366026d7a · outbound

This paper cites The thermal equilibrium mass loss model and its applications in binary evolution.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes The thermal equilibrium mass loss model and its applications in binary evolution

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:23.975995Z

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Observation 77c03ddb-e7ef-4975-a16f-9aa41cfcdb28 · outbound

This paper cites Astrophys.650, A107 (2021).2103.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Astrophys.650, A107 (2021).2103

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:24.028511Z

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Observation aac0c0bc-090c-4a27-97ae-235d8e0d7f77 · outbound

This paper cites Simulations of common-envelope evolution in binary stellar systems: physical models and numerical techniques.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Simulations of common-envelope evolution in binary stellar systems: physical models and numerical techniques

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:24.119932Z

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Observation 7370343b-8c6b-4dfd-a482-75b58e9cedc5 · outbound

This paper cites Common envelopes in massive stars III. The obstructive role of radiation transport in envelope ejection.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Common envelopes in massive stars III. The obstructive role of radiation transport in envelope ejection

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:24.179176Z

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Observation dd5dd81a-fd7a-489a-8349-61ca33205186 · outbound

This paper cites Radiation pressure and equation of state are important in the envelope unbinding process in common envelope evolution.arXiv e-printsarXiv:2510.14173 (2025).2510.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Radiation pressure and equation of state are important in the envelope unbinding process in common envelope evolution.arXiv e-printsarXiv:2510.14173 (2025).2510

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:24.262755Z

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Observation dc254665-0c4f-4299-b159-d1feb8138a15 · outbound

This paper cites Evolution of rapidly rotating metal-poor massive stars towards gamma-ray bursts.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Evolution of rapidly rotating metal-poor massive stars towards gamma-ray bursts

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:24.372389Z

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Observation 41a9f3b7-a4b5-4fd9-9a32-3ad3e0cdde54 · outbound

This paper cites The Progenitor Stars of Gamma-Ray Bursts.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes The Progenitor Stars of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:24.519453Z

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Observation f0f8464c-4852-41b8-b2d5-17c305f6dff0 · outbound

This paper cites A new route towards merging massive black holes.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes A new route towards merging massive black holes

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:24.670949Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 719fb58f-0585-4c39-89c7-21144952a12c · outbound

This paper cites BPASS predictions for Binary Black-Hole Mergers.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes BPASS predictions for Binary Black-Hole Mergers

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:24.768947Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 5f9e8a6b-57a4-4fe2-b10f-2a9922e87f2f · outbound

This paper cites Merging binary black holes formed through chemically homogeneous evolution in short-period stellar binaries.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Merging binary black holes formed through chemically homogeneous evolution in short-period stellar binaries

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:24.927264Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cbf72994-8d33-4187-9ebc-5e53903c3e30 · outbound

This paper cites Internal circulation in tidally locked massive binary stars -- Consequences for double black hole formation.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Internal circulation in tidally locked massive binary stars -- Consequences for double black hole formation

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.054083Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 955e30f7-822d-459f-888e-f02db249117c · outbound

This paper cites Rapid stellar and binary population synthesis with COMPAS.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Rapid stellar and binary population synthesis with COMPAS

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.099081Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 7fe75f6b-ce5a-4907-bba0-7d9f5d702bdd · outbound

This paper cites Very Massive, Rapidly Spinning Binary Black Hole Progenitors through Chemically Homogeneous Evolution -- The Case of GW231123.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Very Massive, Rapidly Spinning Binary Black Hole Progenitors through Chemically Homogeneous Evolution -- The Case of GW231123

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.145199Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation e48ebf5a-c64e-481c-8d36-77149b3aa15b · outbound

This paper cites No peaks without valleys: The stable mass transfer channel for gravitational-wave sources in light of the neutron star-black hole mass gap.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes No peaks without valleys: The stable mass transfer channel for gravitational-wave sources in light of the neutron star-black hole mass gap

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.192751Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 8d4844b4-8a76-45d1-af58-6123b2cee484 · outbound

This paper cites Unequal-mass, highly-spinning binary black hole mergers in the stable mass transfer formation channel.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Unequal-mass, highly-spinning binary black hole mergers in the stable mass transfer formation channel

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.238185Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation af99f6b5-e511-4589-be18-3fd9863f777d · outbound

This paper cites Forming merging double compact objects with stable mass transfer.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Forming merging double compact objects with stable mass transfer

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.285475Z

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Observation 87dd7c81-5c4c-4d44-ae67-0d84dacfb573 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.313562Z

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Observation 6e24c5db-6a3f-4b09-bc91-f5aa15a547f5 · outbound

This paper cites Evolution of binary stars and the effect of tides on binary populations.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Evolution of binary stars and the effect of tides on binary populations

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.356951Z

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Observation 227479ff-7ec9-4d5a-9702-c269df90e6ef · outbound

This paper cites Compact Object Modeling with the StarTrack Population Synthesis Code.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Compact Object Modeling with the StarTrack Population Synthesis Code

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.400418Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 29a264f1-76ca-40b3-9f52-7af8410ecdc3 · outbound

This paper cites Signatures of mass ratio reversal in gravitational waves from merging binary black holes.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Signatures of mass ratio reversal in gravitational waves from merging binary black holes

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.455937Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8147ce66-4542-4063-8bc5-5b999fc0c0e4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.495705Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6c8ae79e-fa79-432a-b2d8-079979fdb0ed · outbound

This paper cites COSMIC Variance in Binary Population Synthesis.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes COSMIC Variance in Binary Population Synthesis

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.535980Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 00684a30-e7d1-43a7-8e75-ae94643ae5e8 · outbound

This paper cites Stable mass transfer can explain massive binary black hole mergers with a high spin component.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Stable mass transfer can explain massive binary black hole mergers with a high spin component

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.575274Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a228d653-d35b-435b-8c0b-31e529fcc958 · outbound

This paper cites Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis Version 2.1: construction, observational verification and new results.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis Version 2.1: construction, observational verification and new results

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.618939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 15b2d893-fcb7-4f33-a26d-a755cfa97bd9 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding the high-mass binary black hole population from stable mass transfer and super-Eddington accretion in BPASS.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Understanding the high-mass binary black hole population from stable mass transfer and super-Eddington accretion in BPASS

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.695961Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0e41f720-e043-4e28-a73f-f2bb835727ec · outbound

This paper cites POSYDON: A General-Purpose Population Synthesis Code with Detailed Binary-Evolution Simulations.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes POSYDON: A General-Purpose Population Synthesis Code with Detailed Binary-Evolution Simulations

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.815796Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 031b0a21-72b2-4aef-8490-0b360b4faeb1 · outbound

This paper cites Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA).

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:25.972034Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b740d775-4341-42d8-be8d-9fce70d63b4d · outbound

This paper cites Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Giant Planets, Oscillations, Rotation, and Massive Stars.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Giant Planets, Oscillations, Rotation, and Massive Stars

Reference 49

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:26.151507Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 78b75225-d721-4213-b52d-911891d2815d · outbound

This paper cites Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Binaries, Pulsations, and Explosions.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Binaries, Pulsations, and Explosions

Reference 50

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:26.312627Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f7faf4bc-a0b5-4ad8-8998-65fd11e2e871 · outbound

This paper cites & Langer, N.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes & Langer, N

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:26.416036Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 70ece332-366a-4966-8c5b-f8452a085c71 · outbound

This paper cites Evolution of accretor stars in massive binaries: broader implications from modeling {\zeta} Ophiuchi.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Evolution of accretor stars in massive binaries: broader implications from modeling {\zeta} Ophiuchi

Reference 52

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:26.478654Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ebfed133-3424-4890-bca8-30f1f407b46d · outbound

This paper cites Rotating Massive Main-Sequence Stars I: Grids of Evolutionary Models and Isochrones.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Rotating Massive Main-Sequence Stars I: Grids of Evolutionary Models and Isochrones

Reference 53

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:26.561071Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9ff8d4ed-61e9-464f-bcae-3792220a0176 · outbound

This paper cites & Weigert, A.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes & Weigert, A

Reference 54

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:26.638003Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dc679489-f4db-4ec9-b4f2-593c8bed4bf1 · outbound

This paper cites Analytic approximations for massive close post-mass transfer binary systems.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Analytic approximations for massive close post-mass transfer binary systems

Reference 55

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:26.709820Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b0e80810-f90e-4b39-b14c-74c72c09e0ab · outbound

This paper cites The impact of mass-transfer physics on the observable properties of field binary black hole populations.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes The impact of mass-transfer physics on the observable properties of field binary black hole populations

Reference 56

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:26.808734Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 74835b7e-0e6a-4e10-80bc-c304999881bc · outbound

This paper cites The implications of high BH spins on the origin of BH-BH mergers.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes The implications of high BH spins on the origin of BH-BH mergers

Reference 57

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:26.888852Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 83ba99da-b143-41ed-8792-cc00b09bcc8b · outbound

This paper cites Characterizing Binary Black Hole Subpopulations in GWTC-4 with Binned Gaussian Processes: On the Origins of the $35M_{\odot}$ Peak.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Characterizing Binary Black Hole Subpopulations in GWTC-4 with Binned Gaussian Processes: On the Origins of the $35M_{\odot}$ Peak

Reference 58

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:26.960439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d7a21fbd-77b9-47ba-8442-46847770b31e · outbound

This paper cites Pre-Supernova Evolution of Massive Single and Binary Stars.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Pre-Supernova Evolution of Massive Single and Binary Stars

Reference 59

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:27.120494Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 42bcd8bc-43db-4b96-9b75-9ba341f9d1e0 · outbound

This paper cites As- trophys.659, A98 (2022).2111.03329.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes As- trophys.659, A98 (2022).2111.03329

Reference 60

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:27.285745Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9e20d4be-323d-42f9-9049-be2b2f041422 · outbound

This paper cites T.et al.Populations of evolved massive binary stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud I: Predictions from detailed evolution models.arXiv e-printsarXiv:2503.23876 (2025).

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes T.et al.Populations of evolved massive binary stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud I: Predictions from detailed evolution models.arXiv e-printsarXiv:2503.23876 (2025)

Reference 61

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:27.350077Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c6d32849-3fda-4cca-90bb-87f6cff3faec · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Unresolved cited work

Reference 62

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:27.403898Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a30ba52e-753d-432c-9c14-de2bbcb37bf6 · outbound

This paper cites Compact Remnant Mass Function: Dependence on the Explosion Mechanism and Metallicity.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Compact Remnant Mass Function: Dependence on the Explosion Mechanism and Metallicity

Reference 63

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:27.473689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0863dbb8-6247-4c41-b177-da613cd42718 · outbound

This paper cites Natal Kicks of Stellar-Mass Black Holes by Asymmetric Mass Ejection in Fallback Supernovae.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Natal Kicks of Stellar-Mass Black Holes by Asymmetric Mass Ejection in Fallback Supernovae

Reference 64

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:27.541606Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8a20129c-85fc-4c9b-bd74-7ea5df108a72 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding Compact Object Formation and Natal Kicks. III. The case of Cygnus X-1.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Understanding Compact Object Formation and Natal Kicks. III. The case of Cygnus X-1

Reference 65

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:27.629729Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dac0d3a9-9111-4255-aa9b-b8c30a1bf8fe · outbound

This paper cites Estimates of black-hole natal kick velocities from observations of low-mass X-ray binaries.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Estimates of black-hole natal kick velocities from observations of low-mass X-ray binaries

Reference 66

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:27.743343Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation baad1769-4178-4a67-9875-2830e1e58cc0 · outbound

This paper cites Constraints on neutrino natal kicks from black-hole binary VFTS 243.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Constraints on neutrino natal kicks from black-hole binary VFTS 243

Reference 67

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:27.813041Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5582facc-55c5-47b8-a741-7b3bee42ca5f · outbound

This paper cites Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Bayesian inference of natal kicks from inert black hole binaries.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Bayesian inference of natal kicks from inert black hole binaries

Reference 68

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:27.889066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b03f5ab6-d7de-4469-bda1-32d84e8cd595 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Unresolved cited work

Reference 69

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:27.954699Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 31fcac56-3aa7-4b8e-8fd8-c05affde312d · outbound

This paper cites A spectroscopic multiplicity survey of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars. I. The northern WC sequence.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes A spectroscopic multiplicity survey of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars. I. The northern WC sequence

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Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:27.993612Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b60a8f39-252b-45ab-a03c-2506da4ab317 · outbound

This paper cites A spectroscopic multiplicity survey of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars: II. The northern WNE sequence.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes A spectroscopic multiplicity survey of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars: II. The northern WNE sequence

Reference 71

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:28.069107Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 10591be7-fe8f-4846-8652-104c49876c5c · outbound

This paper cites A spectroscopic multiplicity survey of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars. III. The northern late-type nitrogen-rich sample.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes A spectroscopic multiplicity survey of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars. III. The northern late-type nitrogen-rich sample

Reference 72

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:28.240315Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ed400bae-07f4-489a-a6a5-6a92b9996d56 · outbound

This paper cites Wolf-Rayet stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud: II. Analysis of the binaries.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Wolf-Rayet stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud: II. Analysis of the binaries

Reference 73

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:28.350426Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 265b2b71-440f-47fe-b171-bc02b08cc227 · outbound

This paper cites The Shortest-period Wolf-Rayet binary in the Small Magellanic Cloud: Part of a high-order multiple system.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes The Shortest-period Wolf-Rayet binary in the Small Magellanic Cloud: Part of a high-order multiple system

Reference 74

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:28.509750Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 90e0de8b-03bd-4db6-9bc8-6302f0013d4e · outbound

This paper cites Wolf-Rayet stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud as testbed for massive star evolution.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Wolf-Rayet stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud as testbed for massive star evolution

Reference 75

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:28.656467Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bb7a033a-70da-415a-9f81-41c852755197 · outbound

This paper cites Spectroscopic and evolutionary analyses of the binary system AzV 14 outline paths toward the WR stage at low metallicity.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Spectroscopic and evolutionary analyses of the binary system AzV 14 outline paths toward the WR stage at low metallicity

Reference 76

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:28.765491Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 965eed60-68dd-404a-a5a0-3dfb403f13d3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Unresolved cited work

Reference 77

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:28.937721Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 729a1c33-edf1-4310-b670-c23493ea8929 · outbound

This paper cites A.et al.A new dynamical model for the black hole binary lmc x-1*.The Astro- physical Journal697, 573 (2009).

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes A.et al.A new dynamical model for the black hole binary lmc x-1*.The Astro- physical Journal697, 573 (2009)

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Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:29.086859Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a33f779b-277f-4a6e-b602-ae47c3820bce · outbound

This paper cites Phase-resolved spectroscopic analysis of the eclipsing black hole X-ray binary M33 X-7: System properties, accretion, and evolution.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Phase-resolved spectroscopic analysis of the eclipsing black hole X-ray binary M33 X-7: System properties, accretion, and evolution

Reference 79

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:29.235471Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5b4b1511-731e-4fb8-96a8-dbbb9889259b · outbound

This paper cites Cyg X-3: a low-mass black hole or a neutron star.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Cyg X-3: a low-mass black hole or a neutron star

Reference 80

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:29.348888Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f64172db-5943-45d2-b9c4-0d70a86c92de · outbound

This paper cites A.et al.The wolf–rayet+black hole binary ngc 300 x-1: What is the mass of the black hole?The Astrophysical Journal910, 74 (2021).

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes A.et al.The wolf–rayet+black hole binary ngc 300 x-1: What is the mass of the black hole?The Astrophysical Journal910, 74 (2021)

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Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-03T14:38:32.697196Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 751d8e7b-8479-4e44-a84e-441573187914 · outbound

This paper cites Chandra and XMM Monitoring of the Black Hole X-ray Binary IC 10 X-1.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Chandra and XMM Monitoring of the Black Hole X-ray Binary IC 10 X-1

Reference 82

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:29.626993Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 41e811c8-313d-481c-8d9c-739865d86002 · outbound

This paper cites Gravitational-wave constraints on the pair-instability mass gap and nuclear burning in massive stars.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Gravitational-wave constraints on the pair-instability mass gap and nuclear burning in massive stars

Reference 83

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:29.875365Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation da7657ac-b906-42a6-82da-f7fb0f4c62e1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Unresolved cited work

Reference 84

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:30.126948Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4823815b-fd5c-4e6c-8f00-9a79730044b6 · outbound

This paper cites Evidence for Three Subpopulations of Merging Binary Black Holes at Different Primary Masses.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Evidence for Three Subpopulations of Merging Binary Black Holes at Different Primary Masses

Reference 85

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:30.342053Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b1a502c0-5300-4794-aab3-c7101eb5ee8e · outbound

This paper cites Effects of close binary evolution on the main-sequence morphology of young star clusters.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Effects of close binary evolution on the main-sequence morphology of young star clusters

Reference 86

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:30.500956Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9ef85bc4-97d9-4af7-bdff-3b7d3ce44dbc · outbound

This paper cites On the Collapsar Model of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: Constraints from Cosmic Metallicity Evolution.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes On the Collapsar Model of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: Constraints from Cosmic Metallicity Evolution

Reference 87

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:30.604044Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d8ca0e82-3915-4ea3-93ae-17e93a8b2ec8 · outbound

This paper cites & Kobulnicky, H.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes & Kobulnicky, H

Reference 88

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:30.833639Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d6172a83-b524-468c-a90b-a0e169e1752a · outbound

This paper cites Evolution of massive stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud : models with semiconvection.Astron.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Evolution of massive stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud : models with semiconvection.Astron

Reference 89

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:31.034635Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 736acfac-048e-4e65-83e3-5e4753586576 · outbound

This paper cites Presupernova Evolution of Rotating Massive Stars II: -- Evolution of the Surface Properties.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Presupernova Evolution of Rotating Massive Stars II: -- Evolution of the Surface Properties

Reference 90

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:31.157612Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 88c4b283-0509-41ed-9ad6-6d01e23fea20 · outbound

This paper cites S.The Internal Constitution of the Stars( Cambridge University Press, 1926).

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes S.The Internal Constitution of the Stars( Cambridge University Press, 1926)

Reference 91

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:31.244746Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 72fa99e6-c93e-4ec4-bc88-637cd53315e1 · outbound

This paper cites & Schubert, G.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes & Schubert, G

Reference 92

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:31.355226Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 244238ba-6e3f-40c8-b4c1-93b893ba4788 · outbound

This paper cites Instabilit ¨at station¨arer Rotation in Sternen.Zeitschrift f¨ ur Astrophysik68, 317 (1968).

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Instabilit ¨at station¨arer Rotation in Sternen.Zeitschrift f¨ ur Astrophysik68, 317 (1968)

Reference 93

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:31.525913Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 46817496-2701-48f2-af3b-9ed1c6c989ea · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Unresolved cited work

Reference 94

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:31.692990Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 89d8767a-9fac-4d60-a03f-ea5bf68df46c · outbound

This paper cites Stellar evolution with rotation.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Stellar evolution with rotation

Reference 95

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:31.782742Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 71e39f5c-0684-44dc-a122-4c5800f9b47b · outbound

This paper cites Dynamo action by differential rotation in a stably stratified stellar interior.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Dynamo action by differential rotation in a stably stratified stellar interior

Reference 96

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:31.938197Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 13b27bf4-e957-487c-b803-de4d5fde24b3 · outbound

This paper cites New theoretical Mass-loss rates of O and B Stars.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes New theoretical Mass-loss rates of O and B Stars

Reference 97

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:32.097539Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 534e4626-334b-4d93-aa10-8dfee6005d89 · outbound

This paper cites S., de Koter, A.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes S., de Koter, A

Reference 98

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:32.195439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ed860e66-8a6c-4866-826e-a665964a9018 · outbound

This paper cites On the nature of the bi-stability jump in the winds of early-type supergiants.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes On the nature of the bi-stability jump in the winds of early-type supergiants

Reference 99

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:32.304930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 02952118-67dc-454f-9280-2ff2eb0630de · outbound

This paper cites R., Koesterke, L.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes R., Koesterke, L

Reference 100

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:32.428022Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4b8e643f-094b-4c62-bef9-bafc89c3d09e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes Unresolved cited work

Reference 101

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T14:34:32.533103Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation f8cc7267-9fde-4e43-9358-fbcd47edfded · inbound

Remnant recoil and host environments of GWTC-4.0 binary black-hole mergers cites this paper.

Remnant recoil and host environments of GWTC-4.0 binary black-hole mergers Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes

Reference 127

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-21T03:21:40.019212Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 3597fb3b-a19e-4186-babb-8ae7dff30b7d · inbound

Targeting black holes from metal-poor progenitors with next-generation gravitational-wave detectors cites this paper.

Targeting black holes from metal-poor progenitors with next-generation gravitational-wave detectors Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes

Reference 101

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-21T03:21:40.019212Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation eaca5c9d-2f9e-4e2a-9373-e7fe0589a95e · inbound

Mass-Ratio Reversal as an Alternative to Hierarchical Mergers for GW241011 cites this paper.

Mass-Ratio Reversal as an Alternative to Hierarchical Mergers for GW241011 Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes

Reference 61

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-21T03:21:40.019212Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 0d453293-cece-4a7a-8f6f-e7f3948caa02 · inbound

Unravelling Mass Transfer in Algols from Surface Abundances. I. Z Vulpeculae cites this paper.

Unravelling Mass Transfer in Algols from Surface Abundances. I. Z Vulpeculae Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:25.647332Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dbec9cae-067b-4610-ac68-f9479a85bd8c · inbound

A Diverse Distribution of Black Hole Spins from Stable Mass Transfer cites this paper.

A Diverse Distribution of Black Hole Spins from Stable Mass Transfer Stable mass transfer in massive binaries leading to merging black holes

Reference 83

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T14:20:11.341264Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.