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Self-Evolving Recommendation System: End-To-End Autonomous Model Optimization With LLM Agents

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arxiv 2602.10226 v2 pith:G3QCIHXS submitted 2026-02-10 cs.LG cs.AI

Self-Evolving Recommendation System: End-To-End Autonomous Model Optimization With LLM Agents

classification cs.LG cs.AI
keywords modelself-evolvingsystemagentagentsautonomousend-to-endfunctions
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Optimizing large-scale machine learning systems, such as recommendation models for global video platforms, requires navigating a massive hyperparameter search space and, more critically, designing sophisticated optimizers, architectures, and reward functions to capture nuanced user behaviors. Achieving substantial improvements in these areas is a non-trivial task, traditionally relying on extensive manual iterations to test new hypotheses. We propose a self-evolving system that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically those from Google's Gemini family, to autonomously generate, train, and deploy high-performing, complex model changes within an end-to-end automated workflow. The self-evolving system is comprised of an Offline Agent (Inner Loop) that performs high-throughput hypothesis generation using proxy metrics, and an Online Agent (Outer Loop) that validates candidates against delayed north star business metrics in live production. Our agents act as specialized Machine Learning Engineers (MLEs): they exhibit deep reasoning capabilities, discovering novel improvements in optimization algorithms and model architecture, and formulating innovative reward functions that target long-term user engagement. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through several successful production launches at YouTube, confirming that autonomous, LLM-driven evolution can surpass traditional engineering workflows in both development velocity and model performance.

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Cited by 10 Pith papers

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