pith. machine review for the scientific record. sign in

arxiv: 2605.13614 · v1 · submitted 2026-05-13 · ✦ hep-ex

Recognition: 2 theorem links

· Lean Theorem

Search for pair production of additional neutral scalars within the Inert Doublet Model in a final state with two electrons or two muons in proton-proton collisions at sqrt{s} = 13 TeV and 13.6 TeV

CMS Collaboration
Authors on Pith no claims yet

Pith reviewed 2026-05-14 17:59 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ex
keywords Inert Doublet Modelneutral scalar pair productiondark matter candidatedilepton final statemissing transverse momentumCMSexclusion limitsLHC
0
0 comments X

The pith

No significant excess observed in first dedicated search for inert doublet scalars, excluding masses up to 108 GeV

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper carries out the first dedicated search for pair production of the additional neutral scalars H and A predicted by the Inert Doublet Model. Proton-proton collision data at 13 and 13.6 TeV are analyzed in a final state of two opposite-charge same-flavor leptons plus missing transverse momentum from the stable dark-matter candidate H. A parameterized neural network separates potential signal from Standard Model backgrounds. No excess above expected background is seen, allowing 95% confidence level exclusion limits to be placed in the m_H versus m_A plane.

Core claim

No significant excess of events is observed. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section of the two new neutral scalars, H and A, expressed in terms of their masses m_H and m_A in the m_H vs. m_A plane. The observed exclusion region reaches m_H = 108 GeV for m_H-m_A = 78 GeV and, at m_H = 70 GeV, covers the range m_H-m_A = 40-90 GeV.

What carries the argument

Parameterized neural network that classifies events in the two-lepton plus missing transverse momentum final state arising from off-shell Z boson decay to H A pairs.

Load-bearing premise

Standard Model backgrounds are accurately modeled and subtracted, and the signal acceptance and efficiency for the Inert Doublet Model are correctly simulated across the scanned mass points.

What would settle it

Observation of a statistically significant excess of events in the neural-network signal-enriched region compared with the expected background.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.13614 by CMS Collaboration.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: The IDM free parameters are subject to numerous theoretical and experimental constraints. In this work, the constraints that are applied follow Ref. [9], with more recent updates described in Refs. [10, 13, 17, 25, 33, 34]. The two-loop constraints on the scalar couplings presented in Ref. [13] are not applied, as the code is not publicly available, instead the leading-order (LO) values for constraints are… view at source ↗
Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Leading-order Feynman diagrams of: (left) HH [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Total signal cross section at LO obtained with M [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Distributions of key variables after the preselection and OCSF pair selection for 2016– [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Distributions of the pNN output for the data and the SM expectations in the SR [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p020_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Distributions of the data and the SM expectations in all CRs after the background-only [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p020_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Distributions of the pNN output for the data and the SM expectations in the SR [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p021_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Distributions of the data and the SM expectations in all CRs after the background-only [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p021_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: The 95% CL upper limit on σIDM as a function of mA − mH, for mH = 70 GeV, sepa￾rately for the (black circles) Run 2 and (red squares) Run 3 data sets. Limits are calculated with the IDM parameters mH± = mA + 50 GeV, λ2 = 1, and λ345 = 10−6 . The limits, however, are insensitive to the choice of the λ2 value, and to changes in mH± and λ345 within their allowed values [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p022_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: The 95% CL exclusion limits in terms of mH and mA − mH. The red dashed lines indicate the ±1 standard deviation bands from experimental uncertainties, whilst the black dashed lines indicate the ±1 standard deviation bands from theoretical uncertainties in the signal samples. The exclusion limits from the LEP reinterpretation and relic density constraints are overlaid in green and yellow, respectively (see … view at source ↗
read the original abstract

A first dedicated search for pair production of new scalars predicted by the Inert Doublet Model is performed using proton-proton collisions. Data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV and 13.6 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 138 fb$^{-1}$ and 35 fb$^{-1}$, respectively. Within this model, four additional scalar bosons (H, A, H$^+$, and H$^-$) are predicted. Through an additional discrete symmetry, the lightest new scalar, H, is stable, rendering it a viable dark matter candidate. These candidates can originate from quark-antiquark annihilation producing an offshell Z boson that decays to a pair of the new scalars. The target final state consists of exactly two opposite-charge same-flavour leptons (electrons or muons), with missing transverse momentum due to the stable neutral scalars, and very little hadronic activity. A parameterised neural network is used to separate the signal from the standard model background. No significant excess of events is observed. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section of the two new neutral scalars, H and A, expressed in terms of their masses, $m_\mathrm{H}$ and $m_\mathrm{A}$, in the $m_\mathrm{H}$ vs. $m_\mathrm{A}$ plane. The observed (expected) exclusion region reaches $m_\mathrm{H}$ = 108 (106) GeV for $m_\mathrm{H}-m_\mathrm{A}$ = 78 (76) GeV and at $m_\mathrm{H}$ = 70 GeV, covers the range of $m_\mathrm{H}-m_\mathrm{A}$ = 40$-$90 (35$-$90) GeV.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 3 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports the first dedicated search for pair production of neutral scalars H and A predicted by the Inert Doublet Model in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV (138 fb^{-1}) and 13.6 TeV (35 fb^{-1}) with the CMS detector. The analysis targets the final state of exactly two opposite-sign same-flavor leptons, large missing transverse momentum, and low hadronic activity. A parameterized neural network discriminates signal from Standard Model backgrounds (primarily Drell-Yan, WW, and non-prompt leptons). No significant excess is observed, and 95% CL exclusion limits are placed on the production cross section in the m_H vs. m_A plane, with the observed (expected) exclusion reaching m_H = 108 (106) GeV at m_H - m_A = 78 (76) GeV.

Significance. If the background modeling holds, this provides the first dedicated constraints on the Inert Doublet Model in this channel, directly limiting the viable parameter space for the stable scalar H as a dark matter candidate. The combination of two datasets at different energies and the parameterized NN approach for scanning the mass grid are strengths that enable broad coverage without post-hoc adjustments. The null result yields clean, interpretable exclusion contours.

major comments (2)
  1. [Section 7] Background estimation section: the manuscript relies on simulation for the dominant backgrounds in the high-MET, low-jet signal region; a dedicated table or figure quantifying the post-fit yields, shape agreement in control regions, and systematic uncertainties on MET tails and non-prompt leptons for both datasets is needed to substantiate the subtraction accuracy underlying the observed limits.
  2. [Section 6] Parameterized neural network (Section 6): while the approach is efficient for the mass grid, the training/validation procedure across mass points and the response in the low-jet regime should be shown with explicit overtraining checks and efficiency curves to confirm that discrimination power does not introduce bias in the low-mass exclusion region.
minor comments (3)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: the phrasing 'covers the range of m_H-m_A = 40-90 (35-90) GeV' at m_H=70 GeV should be clarified to specify whether this is a continuous exclusion band or discrete points.
  2. [Figures] Figure captions: specify the exact integrated luminosities and center-of-mass energies for each dataset when showing limit contours or NN output distributions.
  3. [Section 8] Notation: ensure consistent use of m_H and m_A throughout, including in the limit-setting description.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their thorough review and positive assessment of our work. We address each of the major comments below and have incorporated the suggested additions into the revised manuscript.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Section 7] Background estimation section: the manuscript relies on simulation for the dominant backgrounds in the high-MET, low-jet signal region; a dedicated table or figure quantifying the post-fit yields, shape agreement in control regions, and systematic uncertainties on MET tails and non-prompt leptons for both datasets is needed to substantiate the subtraction accuracy underlying the observed limits.

    Authors: We agree with the referee that providing more detailed validation of the background estimation is important. In the revised manuscript, we have added a dedicated table (Table 7) that quantifies the post-fit yields in the signal region and relevant control regions for both the 13 TeV and 13.6 TeV datasets. Additionally, we include a new figure (Figure 8) showing the shape agreement in control regions for the MET distribution, along with an expanded discussion of the systematic uncertainties associated with the MET tails and non-prompt lepton backgrounds. These updates substantiate the accuracy of the background subtraction used in deriving the observed limits. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Section 6] Parameterized neural network (Section 6): while the approach is efficient for the mass grid, the training/validation procedure across mass points and the response in the low-jet regime should be shown with explicit overtraining checks and efficiency curves to confirm that discrimination power does not introduce bias in the low-mass exclusion region.

    Authors: We thank the referee for this valuable suggestion. In the revised manuscript, we have expanded Section 6 to include a detailed description of the training and validation procedure for the parameterized neural network across the different mass points. We now present explicit overtraining checks, including comparisons of training and test performance metrics, and efficiency curves as a function of jet multiplicity to demonstrate the network's response in the low-jet regime. These additions confirm that the discrimination power is robust and does not introduce any bias in the low-mass exclusion region. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: direct data-to-simulation comparison sets experimental limits

full rationale

The paper reports a standard LHC search for new scalars in the Inert Doublet Model. Observed events in the two-lepton + MET + low-jet final state are compared to simulated SM backgrounds (Drell-Yan, WW, non-prompt leptons) and IDM signal samples. A parameterized neural network separates signal from background, but its training uses simulated samples independent of the final observed counts. No excess is seen, and 95% CL exclusion contours in the m_H–m_A plane are extracted from the data via standard statistical procedures. No equation, fit, or claim reduces by construction to its own inputs; no self-citation chain is load-bearing for the central null-result or limit-setting step. The analysis chain is externally falsifiable against the recorded LHC datasets and is therefore self-contained.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 1 invented entities

The search depends on the Inert Doublet Model predictions for signal and on standard assumptions about background modeling and detector response; no new free parameters or invented entities are introduced beyond the model being tested.

axioms (2)
  • domain assumption Standard Model background processes are correctly modeled in simulation for the two-lepton plus missing transverse momentum final state.
    Background estimation relies on this to identify any excess.
  • domain assumption The Inert Doublet Model correctly predicts the production cross sections and decay modes of H and A.
    Signal efficiency and acceptance are calculated within this framework.
invented entities (1)
  • Inert scalars H, A, H+, H- no independent evidence
    purpose: Additional scalars including a stable dark matter candidate.
    These particles are predicted by the Inert Doublet Model under test; the paper does not introduce them.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5664 in / 1341 out tokens · 53034 ms · 2026-05-14T17:59:41.745704+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

  • IndisputableMonolith/Foundation/RealityFromDistinction.lean reality_from_one_distinction unclear
    ?
    unclear

    Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

    A parameterised neural network is used to separate the signal from the standard model background. No significant excess of events is observed. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section of the two new neutral scalars, H and A, expressed in terms of their masses, m_H and m_A, in the m_H vs. m_A plane.

  • IndisputableMonolith/Cost/FunctionalEquation.lean washburn_uniqueness_aczel unclear
    ?
    unclear

    Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

    The target final state consists of exactly two opposite-charge same-flavour leptons (electrons or muons), with missing transverse momentum due to the stable neutral scalars, and very little hadronic activity.

What do these tags mean?
matches
The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports
The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends
The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses
The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts
The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear
Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

107 extracted references · 103 canonical work pages · 58 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    Navaset al.),Phys

    Particle Data Group Collaboration, “Review of particle physics”,Phys. Rev. D110 (2024) 030001,doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.030001

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevd.110.030001 2024

  2. [2]

    WIMP dark matter candidates and searches - current status and future prospects

    L. Roszkowski, E. M. Sessolo, and S. Trojanowski, “WIMP dark matter candidates and searches—current status and future prospects”,Rept. Prog. Phys.81(2018) 066201, doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aab913,arXiv:1707.06277

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aab913 2018

  3. [3]

    Exploration at the high-energy frontier: ATLAS Run 2 searches investigating the exotic jungle beyond the Standard Model

    ATLAS Collaboration, “Exploration at the high-energy frontier: ATLAS Run 2 searches investigating the exotic jungle beyond the Standard Model”,Phys. Rept.1116(2025) 301,doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2024.10.001,arXiv:2403.09292

    work page doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2024.10.001 2025

  4. [4]

    Dark sector searches with the CMS experiment

    CMS Collaboration, “Dark sector searches with the CMS experiment”,Phys. Rept.1115 (2025) 448,doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2024.09.013,arXiv:2405.13778

    work page doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2024.09.013 2025

  5. [5]

    Pattern of symmetry breaking with two Higgs doublets

    N. G. Deshpande and E. Ma, “Pattern of symmetry breaking with two Higgs doublets”, Phys. Rev. D18(1978) 2574,doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.18.2574

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevd.18.2574 1978

  6. [6]

    The Inert Doublet Model: an Archetype for Dark Matter

    L. Lopez Honorez, E. Nezri, J. F. Oliver, and M. H. G. Tytgat, “The Inert Doublet Model: an archetype for dark matter”,JCAP02(2007) 028, doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2007/02/028,arXiv:hep-ph/0612275

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2007/02/028 2007

  7. [7]

    Improved Naturalness with a Heavy Higgs: An Alternative Road to LHC Physics

    R. Barbieri, L. J. Hall, and V . S. Rychkov, “Improved naturalness with a heavy Higgs: an alternative road to LHC physics”,Phys. Rev. D74(2006) 015007, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.74.015007,arXiv:hep-ph/0603188

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.74.015007 2006

  8. [8]

    Observing the Dark Scalar Doublet and its Impact on the Standard-Model Higgs Boson at Colliders

    Q.-H. Cao, E. Ma, and G. Rajasekaran, “Observing the dark scalar doublet and its impact on the standard-model Higgs boson at colliders”,Phys. Rev. D76(2007) 095011, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.76.095011,arXiv:0708.2939. 24

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.76.095011 2007

  9. [9]

    Inert Doublet Model in light of LHC Run I and astrophysical data

    A. Ilnicka, M. Krawczyk, and T. Robens, “Inert Doublet Model in light of LHC Run 1 and astrophysical data”,Phys. Rev. D93(2016) 055026, doi:10.1103/physrevd.93.055026,arXiv:1508.01671

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.93.055026 2016

  10. [10]

    IDM benchmarks for the LHC and future colliders

    J. Kalinowski, T. Robens, D. Sokolowska, and A. F. Zarnecki, “IDM benchmarks for the LHC and future colliders”,Symmetry13(2021) 991,doi:10.3390/sym13060991, arXiv:2012.14818

    work page doi:10.3390/sym13060991 2021

  11. [11]

    Exploring Inert Scalars at CLIC

    J. Kalinowski et al., “Exploring inert scalars at CLIC”,JHEP07(2019) 053, doi:10.1007/JHEP07(2019)053,arXiv:1811.06952

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep07(2019)053 2019

  12. [12]

    Searching inert scalars at future e +e− colliders

    A. F. Zarnecki et al., “Searching inert scalars at future e +e− colliders”, inProc. Int. Workshop on Future Linear Colliders. 2020.arXiv:2002.11716

    work page arXiv 2020

  13. [13]

    Probing the Inert Doublet Model via vector-boson fusion at a muon collider

    J. Braathen, M. Gabelmann, T. Robens, and P . Stylianou, “Probing the Inert Doublet Model via vector-boson fusion at a muon collider”,JHEP05(2025) 055, doi:10.1007/JHEP05(2025)055,arXiv:2411.13729

    work page doi:10.1007/jhep05(2025)055 2025

  14. [14]

    Pair-production of the charged IDM scalars at high energy CLIC

    CLIC Collaboration, “Pair-production of the charged IDM scalars at high energy CLIC”, Eur. Phys. J. C82(2022) 738,doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10615-3, arXiv:2201.07146

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10615-3 2022

  15. [15]

    Decoding dark matter at future e +e− colliders

    A. Belyaev et al., “Decoding dark matter at future e +e− colliders”,Phys. Rev. D106 (2022) 015016,doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.106.015016,arXiv:2112.15090

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevd.106.015016 2022

  16. [16]

    Searches for dark matter via charged Higgs pair production in the Inert Doublet Model at aγγcollider

    Y. Guo-He et al., “Searches for dark matter via charged Higgs pair production in the Inert Doublet Model at aγγcollider”,Chin. Phys. C45(2021) 103101, doi:10.1088/1674-1137/ac1577,arXiv:2006.06216

    work page doi:10.1088/1674-1137/ac1577 2021

  17. [17]

    Benchmarking the Inert Doublet Model for e+ e- colliders

    J. Kalinowski et al., “Benchmarking the Inert Doublet Model fore +e− colliders”,JHEP 12(2018) 081,doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2018)081,arXiv:1809.07712

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep12(2018)081 2018

  18. [18]

    Exploring collider signatures of the inert Higgs doublet model

    A. Datta, N. Ganguly, N. Khan, and S. Rakshit, “Exploring collider signatures of the inert Higgs doublet model”,Phys. Rev. D95(2017) 015017, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.95.015017,arXiv:1610.00648

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.95.015017 2017

  19. [19]

    Production of Inert Scalars at the high energy $e^+ e^-$ colliders

    M. Hashemi, M. Krawczyk, S. Najjari, and A. F. ˙Zarnecki, “Production of inert scalars at the high energye +e− colliders”,JHEP02(2016) 187, doi:10.1007/JHEP02(2016)187,arXiv:1512.01175

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep02(2016)187 2016

  20. [20]

    One-loop radiative corrections toe +e− →Zh 0/H 0 A0 in the Inert Higgs Doublet Model

    H. Abouabid et al., “One-loop radiative corrections toe +e− →Zh 0/H 0 A0 in the Inert Higgs Doublet Model”,JHEP05(2021) 100,doi:10.1007/JHEP05(2021)100, arXiv:2009.03250

    work page doi:10.1007/jhep05(2021)100 2021

  21. [21]

    Full one-loop radiative corrections toe +e− →H + H− in the Inert Doublet Model

    H. Abouabid et al., “Full one-loop radiative corrections toe +e− →H + H− in the Inert Doublet Model”,Phys. Rev. D109(2024) 015009, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.109.015009,arXiv:2204.05237

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevd.109.015009 2024

  22. [22]

    Search for additional scalar bosons within the Inert Doublet Model in a final state with two leptons at the FCC-ee

    A. Bal et al., “Search for additional scalar bosons within the Inert Doublet Model in a final state with two leptons at the FCC-ee”,Eur. Phys. J. C.85(2025) 891, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14622-y,arXiv:2504.12178

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14622-y 2025

  23. [23]

    Illuminating degenerate dark sector of Inert Doublet Model at muon collider

    A. Ghosh, P . Konar, C. Sen, and B. Thacker, “Illuminating degenerate dark sector of Inert Doublet Model at muon collider”, 2025.arXiv:2508.06289. References 25

    work page arXiv 2025

  24. [24]

    Supersymmetry searches in CMS run 2: A complete review.Highlights High-Energy Phys.1, 18, DOI: 10.53941/hihep.2025.100018

    S. Sekmen, “Supersymmetry searches in CMS Run 2: a complete review”,HiHEP1 (2025) 18,doi:10.53941/hihep.2025.100018,arXiv:2510.17971

    work page doi:10.53941/hihep.2025.100018 2025

  25. [25]

    Constraining the Inert Doublet Model using vector-boson fusion

    D. Dercks and T. Robens, “Constraining the Inert Doublet Model using vector-boson fusion”,Eur. Phys. J. C79(2019) 924,doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7436-6, arXiv:1812.07913

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7436-6 2019

  26. [26]

    Multilepton signatures from dark matter at the LHC

    A. Belyaev et al., “Multilepton signatures from dark matter at the LHC”,JHEP09 (2022) 173,doi:10.1007/JHEP09(2022)173,arXiv:2204.06411

    work page doi:10.1007/jhep09(2022)173 2022

  27. [27]

    Dilepton constraints in the Inert Doublet Model from Run 1 of the LHC

    G. B ´elanger et al., “Dilepton constraints in the Inert Doublet Model from Run 1 of the LHC”,Phys. Rev. D91(2015) 115011,doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.91.115011, arXiv:1503.07367

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.91.115011 2015

  28. [28]

    Constraining the Inert Doublet Model at the LHC

    J. Lahiri, T. Robens, and K. Rolbiecki, “Constraining the Inert Doublet Model at the LHC”, 2025.arXiv:2511.23133

    work page arXiv 2025

  29. [29]

    HEPData record for this analysis, 2026.doi:10.17182/hepdata.172869

    work page doi:10.17182/hepdata.172869 2026

  30. [30]

    Evolution of Universe to the present inert phase

    I. F. Ginzburg, K. A. Kanishev, M. Krawczyk, and D. Sokolowska, “Evolution of universe to the present inert phase”,Phys. Rev. D82(2010) 123533, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.82.123533,arXiv:1009.4593

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.82.123533 2010

  31. [31]

    Advancing LHC Probes of Dark Matter from the Inert 2-Higgs Doublet Model with the Mono-jet Signal

    A. Belyaev et al., “Advancing LHC probes of dark matter from the inert two-Higgs-doublet model with the monojet signal”,Phys. Rev. D99(2019) 015011, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.99.015011,arXiv:1809.00933

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.99.015011 2019

  32. [32]

    Anatomy of the inert two Higgs doublet model in the light of the LHC and non-LHC dark matter searches

    A. Belyaev et al., “Anatomy of the inert two Higgs doublet model in the light of the LHC and non-LHC dark matter searches”,Phys. Rev. D97(2018) 035011, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.97.035011,arXiv:1612.00511

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevd.97.035011 2018

  33. [33]

    Constraining Extended Scalar Sectors at the LHC and beyond

    A. Ilnicka, T. Robens, and T. Stefaniak, “Constraining extended scalar sectors at the LHC and beyond”,Mod. Phys. Lett. A33(2018) 1830007, doi:10.1142/S0217732318300070,arXiv:1803.03594

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1142/s0217732318300070 2018

  34. [34]

    News from extended scalar sectors

    T. Robens, “News from extended scalar sectors”, inProc. Corfu Summer Institute 2025. 2026.arXiv:2603.27636

    work page arXiv 2025

  35. [35]

    2HDMC - Two-Higgs-Doublet Model Calculator

    D. Eriksson, J. Rathsman, and O. Stal, “2HDMC: Two-Higgs-Doublet Model Calculator”,Comput. Phys. Commun.181(2010) 833, doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2009.12.016,arXiv:0902.0851

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2009.12.016 2010

  36. [36]

    Vacuum polarization effects of new physics on electroweak processes

    G. Altarelli and R. Barbieri, “Vacuum polarization effects of new physics on electroweak processes”,Phys. Lett. B253(1991) 161,doi:10.1016/0370-2693(91)91378-9

    work page doi:10.1016/0370-2693(91)91378-9 1991

  37. [37]

    A new constraint on a strongly interacting Higgs sector

    M. E. Peskin and T. Takeuchi, “A new constraint on a strongly interacting Higgs sector”, Phys. Rev. Lett.65(1990) 964,doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.65.964

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.65.964 1990

  38. [38]

    Estimation of oblique electroweak corrections

    M. E. Peskin and T. Takeuchi, “Estimation of oblique electroweak corrections”,Phys. Rev. D46(1992) 381,doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.46.381

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevd.46.381 1992

  39. [39]

    Beyond S, T and U

    I. Maksymyk, C. P . Burgess, and D. London, “Beyond S, T and U”,Phys. Rev. D50 (1994) 529,doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.50.529,arXiv:hep-ph/9306267. 26

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.50.529 1994

  40. [40]

    Combination of searches for invisible decays of the Higgs boson using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at √s=13 TeV collected with the ATLAS experiment

    ATLAS Collaboration, “Combination of searches for invisible decays of the Higgs boson using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at √s=13 TeV collected with the ATLAS experiment”,Phys. Lett. B842(2023) 137963, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137963,arXiv:2301.10731

    work page doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137963 2023

  41. [41]

    micrOMEGAs5.0 : freeze-in

    G. B ´elanger et al., “micrOMEGAs5.0: Freeze-in”,Comput. Phys. Commun.231(2018) 173,doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2018.04.027,arXiv:1801.03509

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2018.04.027 2018

  42. [42]

    Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters

    Planck Collaboration, “Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters”,Astron. Astrophys.641(2020) A6,doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833910, arXiv:1807.06209. [Erratum:doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833910e]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833910 2018

  43. [43]

    Dark matter search results from 4.2 Tonne−Years of exposure of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment

    LZ Collaboration, “Dark matter search results from 4.2 Tonne−Years of exposure of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment”,Phys. Rev. Lett.135(2025) 011802, doi:10.1103/4dyc-z8zf,arXiv:2410.17036

    work page doi:10.1103/4dyc-z8zf 2025

  44. [44]

    Inert Doublet Model and LEP II Limits

    E. Lundstrom, M. Gustafsson, and J. Edsjo, “The Inert Doublet Model and LEP II limits”,Phys. Rev. D79(2009) 035013,doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.79.035013, arXiv:0810.3924

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.79.035013 2009

  45. [45]

    The CMS trigger system

    CMS Collaboration, “The CMS trigger system”,JINST12(2017) P01020, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/01/P01020,arXiv:1609.02366

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/01/p01020 2017

  46. [46]

    Performance of the CMS high-level trigger during LHC Run 2

    CMS Collaboration, “Performance of the CMS high-level trigger during LHC Run 2”, JINST19(2024) P11021,doi:10.1088/1748-0221/19/11/P11021, arXiv:2410.17038

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/19/11/p11021 2024

  47. [47]

    Performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV”,JINST15(2020) P10017, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/10/P10017,arXiv:2006.10165

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/10/p10017 2020

  48. [48]

    CMS experiment at the LHC: Commissioning and early physics

    CMS Collaboration, “The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC”,JINST3(2008) S08004, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08004,arXiv:1003.4038

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/s08004 2008

  49. [49]

    Development of the CMS detector for the CERN LHC Run 3

    CMS Collaboration, “Development of the CMS detector for the CERN LHC Run 3”, JINST19(2024) P05064,doi:10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/P05064, arXiv:2309.05466

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05064 2024

  50. [50]

    The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations

    J. Alwall et al., “The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations”,JHEP07 (2014) 079,doi:10.1007/JHEP07(2014)079,arXiv:1405.0301

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep07(2014)079 2014

  51. [51]

    Dark matter in the Inert Doublet Model after the discovery of a Higgs-like boson at the LHC

    A. Goudelis, B. Herrmann, and O. St ˚al, “Dark matter in the Inert Doublet Model after the discovery of a Higgs-like boson at the LHC”,JHEP09(2013) 106, doi:10.1007/JHEP09(2013)106,arXiv:1303.3010

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep09(2013)106 2013

  52. [52]

    Comparative study of various algorithms for the merging of parton showers and matrix elements in hadronic collisions

    J. Alwall et al., “Comparative study of various algorithms for the merging of parton showers and matrix elements in hadronic collisions”,Eur. Phys. J. C53(2008) 473, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0490-5,arXiv:0706.2569

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0490-5 2008

  53. [53]

    Combining QCD and electroweak corrections to dilepton production in FEWZ

    Y. Li and F. Petriello, “Combining QCD and electroweak corrections to dilepton production in FEWZ”,Phys. Rev. D86(2012) 094034, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.86.094034,arXiv:1208.5967. References 27

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.86.094034 2012

  54. [54]

    Merging meets matching in MC@NLO

    R. Frederix and S. Frixione, “Merging meets matching in MC@NLO”,JHEP12(2012) 061,doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2012)061,arXiv:1209.6215

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep12(2012)061 2012

  55. [55]

    A New Method for Combining NLO QCD with Shower Monte Carlo Algorithms

    P . Nason, “A new method for combining NLO QCD with shower Monte Carlo algorithms”,JHEP11(2004) 040,doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2004/11/040, arXiv:hep-ph/0409146

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2004/11/040 2004

  56. [56]

    Matching NLO QCD computations with Parton Shower simulations: the POWHEG method

    S. Frixione, P . Nason, and C. Oleari, “Matching NLO QCD computations with parton shower simulations: the POWHEG method”,JHEP11(2007) 070, doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2007/11/070,arXiv:0709.2092

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2007/11/070 2007

  57. [57]

    A general framework for implementing NLO calculations in shower Monte Carlo programs: the POWHEG BOX

    S. Alioli, P . Nason, C. Oleari, and E. Re, “A general framework for implementing NLO calculations in shower Monte Carlo programs: the POWHEG BOX”,JHEP06(2010) 043,doi:10.1007/JHEP06(2010)043,arXiv:1002.2581

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep06(2010)043 2010

  58. [58]

    W+W-, WZ and ZZ production in the POWHEG BOX

    T. Melia, P . Nason, R. Rontsch, and G. Zanderighi, “W+W−, WZ and ZZ production in the POWHEG BOX”,JHEP11(2011) 078,doi:10.1007/JHEP11(2011)078, arXiv:1107.5051

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep11(2011)078 2011

  59. [59]

    MCFM for the Tevatron and the LHC

    J. M. Campbell and R. K. Ellis, “MCFM for the Tevatron and the LHC”,Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl.205-206(2010) 10,doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2010.08.011, arXiv:1007.3492

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2010.08.011 2010

  60. [60]

    Top-pair production and decay at NLO matched with parton showers

    J. M. Campbell, R. K. Ellis, P . Nason, and E. Re, “Top-pair production and decay at NLO matched with parton showers”,JHEP04(2015) 114, doi:10.1007/JHEP04(2015)114,arXiv:1412.1828

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep04(2015)114 2015

  61. [61]

    NLO single-top production matched with shower in POWHEG: s- and t-channel contributions

    S. Alioli, P . Nason, C. Oleari, and E. Re, “NLO single-top production matched with shower in POWHEG:s- andt-channel contributions”,JHEP09(2009) 111, doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2009/09/111,arXiv:0907.4076. [Erratum: doi:10.1007/JHEP02(2010)011]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2009/09/111 2009

  62. [62]

    Single-top Wt-channel production matched with parton showers using the POWHEG method

    E. Re, “Single-top Wt-channel production matched with parton showers using the POWHEG method”,Eur. Phys. J. C71(2011) 1547, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-011-1547-z,arXiv:1009.2450

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-011-1547-z 2011

  63. [63]

    Top++: a program for the calculation of the top-pair cross-section at hadron colliders

    M. Czakon and A. Mitov, “Top++: a program for the calculation of the top-pair cross section at hadron colliders”,Comput. Phys. Commun.185(2014) 2930, doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2014.06.021,arXiv:1112.5675

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2014.06.021 2014

  64. [64]

    Single-top-quark production in the t-channel at NNLO

    J. Campbell, T. Neumann, and Z. Sullivan, “Single-top-quark production in the t-channel at NNLO”,JHEP02(2021) 040,doi:10.1007/JHEP02(2021)040, arXiv:2012.01574

    work page doi:10.1007/jhep02(2021)040 2021

  65. [65]

    Higher-order corrections fortWproduction at high-energy hadron colliders

    N. Kidonakis and N. Yamanaka, “Higher-order corrections fortWproduction at high-energy hadron colliders”,JHEP05(2021) 278, doi:10.1007/JHEP05(2021)278,arXiv:2102.11300

    work page doi:10.1007/jhep05(2021)278 2021

  66. [66]

    Parton distributions for the LHC Run II

    NNPDF Collaboration, “Parton distributions for the LHC Run II”,JHEP04(2015) 040, doi:10.1007/JHEP04(2015)040,arXiv:1410.8849

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep04(2015)040 2015

  67. [67]

    An Introduction to PYTHIA 8.2

    T. Sj ¨ostrand et al., “An introduction to PYTHIA 8.2”,Comput. Phys. Commun.191 (2015) 159,doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2015.01.024,arXiv:1410.3012. 28

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2015.01.024 2015

  68. [68]

    A comprehensive guide to the physics and usage of PYTHIA 8.3

    C. Bierlich et al., “A comprehensive guide to the physics and usage of PYTHIA 8.3”, SciPost Phys. Codeb.8(2022)doi:10.21468/SciPostPhysCodeb.8, arXiv:2203.11601

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.21468/scipostphyscodeb.8 2022

  69. [69]

    Extraction and validation of a new set of CMS PYTHIA8 tunes from underlying-event measurements

    CMS Collaboration, “Extraction and validation of a new set of CMS PYTHIA8 tunes from underlying-event measurements”,Eur. Phys. J. C80(2020) 4, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7499-4,arXiv:1903.12179

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7499-4 2020

  70. [70]

    GEANT4 — a simulation toolkit

    GEANT4 Collaboration, “GEANT4—a simulation toolkit”,Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A506 (2003) 250,doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8

    work page doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01368-8 2003

  71. [71]

    Particle-flow reconstruction and global event description with the CMS detector

    CMS Collaboration, “Particle-flow reconstruction and global event description with the CMS detector”,JINST12(2017) P10003,doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/10/P10003, arXiv:1706.04965

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/10/p10003 2017

  72. [72]

    Technical proposal for the Phase-II upgrade of the Compact Muon Solenoid

    CMS Collaboration, “Technical proposal for the Phase-II upgrade of the Compact Muon Solenoid”, CMS Technical Proposal CERN-LHCC-2015-010, CMS-TDR-15-02, 2015

    2015

  73. [73]

    Electron and photon reconstruction and identification with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

    CMS Collaboration, “Electron and photon reconstruction and identification with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC”,JINST16(2021) P05014, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/16/05/P05014,arXiv:2012.06888

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/16/05/p05014 2021

  74. [74]

    Performance of the CMS muon detector and muon reconstruction with proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Performance of the CMS muon detector and muon reconstruction with proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV”,JINST13(2018) P06015, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/13/06/P06015,arXiv:1804.04528

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/13/06/p06015 2018

  75. [75]

    The anti-k_t jet clustering algorithm

    M. Cacciari, G. P . Salam, and G. Soyez, “The anti-kT jet clustering algorithm”,JHEP04 (2008) 063,doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2008/04/063,arXiv:0802.1189

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2008/04/063 2008

  76. [76]

    FastJet user manual

    M. Cacciari, G. P . Salam, and G. Soyez, “FastJet user manual”,Eur. Phys. J. C72(2012) 1896,doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-012-1896-2,arXiv:1111.6097

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-012-1896-2 2012

  77. [77]

    Pileup mitigation at CMS in 13 TeV data

    CMS Collaboration, “Pileup mitigation at CMS in 13 TeV data”,JINST15(2020) P09018,doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/09/P09018,arXiv:2003.00503

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/09/p09018 2020

  78. [78]

    Pileup Per Particle Identification

    D. Bertolini, P . Harris, M. Low, and N. Tran, “Pileup Per Particle Identification”,JHEP 10(2014) 059,doi:10.1007/JHEP10(2014)059,arXiv:1407.6013

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep10(2014)059 2014

  79. [79]

    Jet energy scale and resolution in the CMS experiment in pp collisions at 8 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Jet energy scale and resolution in the CMS experiment in pp collisions at 8 TeV”,JINST12(2017) P02014, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/02/P02014,arXiv:1607.03663

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/02/p02014 2017

  80. [80]

    Performance of missing transverse momentum reconstruction in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV using the CMS detector

    CMS Collaboration, “Performance of missing transverse momentum reconstruction in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV using the CMS detector”,JINST14(2019) P07004,doi:10.1088/1748-0221/14/07/P07004,arXiv:1903.06078

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/14/07/p07004 2019

Showing first 80 references.