Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 51 of 51 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2606.05420.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2606.05420 v1

Coverage vector

measured 51 of 51 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

measured 52 of 52 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-12T14:55:13.702631Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

51 of 51 outbound references displayed

verified exact5
verified fuzzy0
unresolved45
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 8e134c89-ea59-4f5a-a521-49dd6e148c12 · outbound

This paper cites Crawford.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Crawford

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation 93617d26-8a82-4c19-9f32-e1c5bafb4472 · outbound

This paper cites Erdenesanaa.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Erdenesanaa

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation d5d3f195-729c-4ef8-99b3-27ba88a8d657 · outbound

This paper cites Carbon Emissions and Large Neural Network Training.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Carbon Emissions and Large Neural Network Training

Reference 3

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-02T08:16:48.050435Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 30af8d45-e934-408b-9c91-64b8585b6ad7 · outbound

This paper cites Mytton, M.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Mytton, M

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation 9e5e1aad-1582-489d-846a-d604962e4091 · outbound

This paper cites Shehabi,et al., 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report,Tech.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Shehabi,et al., 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report,Tech

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation 53ab049e-41f2-4796-8e26-fbab601aa4bf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

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Observation e4a6e449-a6c8-4e2c-8641-5be627aac109 · outbound

This paper cites Kamiya, P.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Kamiya, P

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation c186cc95-2241-479e-8472-ab68c6f04694 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation f6b45ccf-ff51-48a0-a905-e5e08e14a114 · outbound

This paper cites Dayarathna, Y.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Dayarathna, Y

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation a39737cb-7941-48c0-97cd-325cd79a5420 · outbound

This paper cites Guidi,et al.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Guidi,et al

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation 46ed8aeb-2bcb-4f90-b399-a2101876726b · outbound

This paper cites Stokel-Walker.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Stokel-Walker

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation b95b8662-4b58-47ea-8ccf-f828d968fe14 · outbound

This paper cites Energy and Policy Considerations for Deep Learning in NLP.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Energy and Policy Considerations for Deep Learning in NLP

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-02T08:16:48.047442Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation fa875085-9185-47e3-8c30-b59c78f04c98 · outbound

This paper cites Shehabi,et al., United states data center energy usage report,Tech.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Shehabi,et al., United states data center energy usage report,Tech

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation 39d1d9cb-2d45-4587-a9a6-d18cce0072ae · outbound

This paper cites Ferreira, G.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Ferreira, G

Reference 14

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Observation 0f0f03b0-72b7-4280-8a0e-debae87782e2 · outbound

This paper cites Energy Information Administration, How much electricity is consumed in the U.S.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Energy Information Administration, How much electricity is consumed in the U.S

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation 6e0144c1-406b-4902-a5c0-aad30d9a1ac6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

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Observation fe2959ac-f778-4670-a0d8-11c3ca1751c7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation 5ea2a643-d4a8-48a9-af8b-a880921dbf01 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation 9c8db86c-a9a3-405f-85ab-ee86fc99e303 · outbound

This paper cites Stoll, L.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Stoll, L

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation 8e31a39c-8913-4dee-970c-ffe32c5d1159 · outbound

This paper cites rep., International Energy Agency (2025).

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers rep., International Energy Agency (2025)

Reference 20

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Observation ff1873b7-b776-40e2-bcf9-49e6f9a81384 · outbound

This paper cites Energy Information Administration, State energy data system (seds): Fuel use by state, https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_fuel/html/pdf/fuel_use_es .pdf(2023).

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Energy Information Administration, State energy data system (seds): Fuel use by state, https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_fuel/html/pdf/fuel_use_es .pdf(2023)

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation e06651dd-56c1-444c-973d-1af6edd4035a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation 2c866ffb-4050-4413-9ec8-61fff27b3252 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation 4ae2c393-2362-4667-b1ff-c3b748161908 · outbound

This paper cites Sachs, Ai to drive 165% increase in data center power demand by 2030 (2023).

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Sachs, Ai to drive 165% increase in data center power demand by 2030 (2023)

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation 8fd6bcf1-7144-4e55-8af0-836cb0f1919e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-28T06:21:42.862037Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation bd53503a-2785-4660-b799-5f213fa5af65 · outbound

This paper cites Environmental Protection Agency, Frequent Questions about eGRID (2024).

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Environmental Protection Agency, Frequent Questions about eGRID (2024)

Reference 26

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Observation a1fb15af-c931-49d0-ac2e-5cdb5c44a596 · outbound

This paper cites Accessed: 7-October-2024.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Accessed: 7-October-2024

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation 9e247187-87f9-425e-9728-d4a205bfb9e1 · outbound

This paper cites rep., International Data Corporation, Framingham, MA (2023).

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers rep., International Data Corporation, Framingham, MA (2023)

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation f1c4f487-a3f4-4618-beb2-ee56e3325cb7 · outbound

This paper cites rep., International Data Corporation, Framingham, MA (2023).

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers rep., International Data Corporation, Framingham, MA (2023)

Reference 29

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Observation 02dfc19a-0944-44a9-8891-c112007d5a6e · outbound

This paper cites [Accessed 29-October-2024].

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers [Accessed 29-October-2024]

Reference 30

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Observation 02aa8840-0f10-416c-b8f3-178af45772eb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

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Observation f8c89ab3-3a03-4344-a6c8-7ecbc23bde3b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

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Observation b8226e1a-f1f7-4887-8d30-da68038c8ac5 · outbound

This paper cites Report on data center industry transforma- tion and investment trends.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Report on data center industry transforma- tion and investment trends

Reference 33

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Observation 0e01298a-34d2-40f4-bc37-5b5c83f05c91 · outbound

This paper cites Choukse, M.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Choukse, M

Reference 34

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Observation 40315558-7b8b-4e10-8105-bb4ad32f9e34 · outbound

This paper cites Ekvall, A.-M.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Ekvall, A.-M

Reference 35

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Observation 01c186fb-55a5-4140-b5e9-e56877e3eff6 · outbound

This paper cites Nordenstam.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Nordenstam

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation 78da4445-dad5-42b5-b19d-04f39a5ff49e · outbound

This paper cites Energy Information Administration, Electric power monthly,Technical report, U.S.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Energy Information Administration, Electric power monthly,Technical report, U.S

Reference 37

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Observation 2a97961e-e17e-4772-8b3d-1813d521b412 · outbound

This paper cites Energy Information Administration, Electricity generation, capacity, and sales in the United States (2023).

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Energy Information Administration, Electricity generation, capacity, and sales in the United States (2023)

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z

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Observation eda4f6c7-2bff-400d-bfd5-27b354144319 · outbound

This paper cites Carbon Responder: Coordinating Demand Response for the Datacenter Fleet.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Carbon Responder: Coordinating Demand Response for the Datacenter Fleet

Reference 39

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T08:16:48.042281Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 5ccb0294-6092-456b-8a5c-ef0a24d5dc22 · outbound

This paper cites Jagannadharao, N.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Jagannadharao, N

Reference 40

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Observation 84d4c655-4f2c-40cf-8f26-6a7d6b60531a · outbound

This paper cites Measuring the Carbon Intensity of AI in Cloud Instances.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Measuring the Carbon Intensity of AI in Cloud Instances

Reference 41

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T08:16:48.044946Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 32ae4ce4-5794-4d48-b450-76a2e5fc10d9 · outbound

This paper cites Gagnon, W.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Gagnon, W

Reference 42

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Observation 2cc94cfe-03a1-4f39-8960-32ad17327625 · outbound

This paper cites Prettenhofer, G.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Prettenhofer, G

Reference 43

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Observation 5af5ea3c-2e3c-4b3a-96c8-ef7b26d944da · outbound

This paper cites Istrate,et al.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Istrate,et al

Reference 44

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Observation 2228ddd4-9694-4944-8578-69b84796b800 · outbound

This paper cites Niewenhuis, S.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Niewenhuis, S

Reference 45

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Observation 308e3e26-200b-4873-934d-01f71d16acd9 · outbound

This paper cites Sarkar,et al.,Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence(2024), vol.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Sarkar,et al.,Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence(2024), vol

Reference 46

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Observation 78025ab7-5c7d-4cd4-9541-d07bb7fc40eb · outbound

This paper cites Masanet, A.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Masanet, A

Reference 47

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Observation e2a21eae-67e0-40f9-9e38-2cd17cd49c17 · outbound

This paper cites Luers,et al.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Luers,et al

Reference 48

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Observation 958a392a-076b-4db9-9427-1e3a4bd22354 · outbound

This paper cites Masanet, N.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Masanet, N

Reference 49

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Observation 5948807f-5139-49d9-8012-03b8703ed755 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

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Observation ec3a8381-e7d2-4a10-a8f9-ac41797009a2 · outbound

This paper cites Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers.

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers

Reference 51

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Pith citing papers

Observation 0862b8c6-9cb2-47b0-b003-8afac69448ce · inbound

The Hidden Water Geography of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers in the AI Era cites this paper.

The Hidden Water Geography of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers in the AI Era Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T14:55:13.702631Z

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