Pith. sign in

REVIEW 1 major objections 6 minor 42 references

Attractive potential solves heavy-quark coalescence puzzle

Reviewed by Pith at T0; open to challenge. T0 means a machine referee read the full paper against a public rubric. the ladder, T0–T4 →

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

T0 review · glm-5.2

2026-07-10 02:35 UTC pith:4L3BNNHB

load-bearing objection Solid idea, but the meson radius should be computed from the potential they already solved — not treated as a free parameter. the 1 major comments →

arxiv 2607.08707 v1 pith:4L3BNNHB submitted 2026-07-09 hep-ph nucl-th

Heavy quark coalescence probability in the presence of a potential

Taesoo Song , Jiaxing Zhao This is my paper
classification hep-ph nucl-th PACS 25.75.-q12.38.Mh12.39.Jh
keywords heavy quarkcoalescencehadronizationquark-gluon plasmaheavy-light potentialcolor screeningmeson masscharm
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

Heavy quarks produced in heavy-ion collisions must hadronize through coalescence with light quarks as the plasma cools. Standard coalescence models, treating light quarks as uniformly distributed, predict a total coalescence probability far below the expected value of unity for a stationary heavy quark. This paper introduces a phenomenological heavy-light quark potential, fitted to reproduce the vacuum masses of D, D*, B, and B* mesons, into the coalescence formalism. The attractive potential concentrates light antiquarks around the heavy quark in coordinate space, naturally boosting the coalescence probability to near unity without any ad hoc normalization factor. The authors further show that this conclusion survives moderate in-medium color screening of the potential, but breaks down if screening is too strong, setting an upper bound on the in-medium mass shift of heavy mesons near the phase transition temperature.

Core claim

The central finding is that including a realistic attractive heavy-light quark potential in the coalescence model resolves the long-standing deficit in the total heavy-quark coalescence probability at low momentum. The potential enhances the local density of light antiquarks near the heavy quark, raising the probability from well below unity to approximately unity for both charm and bottom quarks. This result holds as long as the in-medium screening mass parameter does not exceed roughly half the square root of the string tension, which translates to a maximum mass reduction of about 60 MeV for D and B mesons near the critical temperature.

What carries the argument

The mechanism is a coordinate-space density enhancement: an attractive potential well, parameterized via a Coulomb-plus-string form with a spin-spin interaction, draws light antiquarks toward the heavy quark. The coalescence probability is computed using a Gaussian Wigner function for the meson wavefunction, integrated over the light-quark phase-space distribution modified by the potential. The potential itself is calibrated to reproduce vacuum meson masses, and medium effects enter through a temperature-dependent screening mass that controls the depth and range of the interaction.

Load-bearing premise

The claim that the coalescence probability approaches unity depends on the heavy-meson radius being at the smaller end of the assumed range (0.5 fm). If the actual meson radius is larger, the probability drops below unity even with the potential included.

What would settle it

If lattice QCD or experimental determinations of the D- or B-meson radius near the phase transition yield values significantly larger than 0.5 fm, or if the in-medium screening mass exceeds the threshold identified here, the coalescence probability would fall substantially below unity, undermining the claim that the potential alone resolves the deficit.

Watch this falsifier — get emailed when new claim-graph text bears on it.

If this is right

  • The coalescence probability constraint bounds the in-medium modification of heavy-light potentials near the QCD phase transition, complementing lattice QCD and QCD sum-rule estimates.
  • Heavy-flavor observables in heavy-ion collisions, such as the baryon-to-meson ratio and elliptic flow at intermediate transverse momentum, can be described without ad hoc normalization of the coalescence probability.
  • The framework can be extended to study coalescence of heavy quarks with strange quarks by adjusting the light-quark mass, with predictions for Ds and Bs production.
  • The sensitivity of the coalescence probability to the screening parameter provides a phenomenological handle on extracting the in-medium heavy-quark potential from experimental heavy-flavor data.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the true meson radius is closer to the upper end of the considered range (1.0 fm), the coalescence probability falls below unity even with the potential, suggesting that tighter experimental or lattice constraints on meson radii would sharpen the conclusion.
  • The constraint on the screening parameter could be cross-checked against independent determinations from quarkonium dissociation patterns or heavy-quark diffusion coefficients in the QGP, potentially tightening or challenging the bound.
  • The reversal of the radius-dependence ordering when the potential is included (smaller radius gives higher probability) implies that the potential effect dominates over the geometric overlap effect, which could be tested by comparing coalescence yields for mesons of different sizes.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

1 major / 6 minor

Summary. This manuscript investigates the role of the heavy-light quark potential in heavy-quark coalescence at the QGP phase boundary. The authors construct a phenomenological potential (Coulomb + string + spin-spin) fitted to reproduce the vacuum masses of D, D*, B, and B* mesons. When this potential is included in the thermal distribution of light antiquarks (Eq. 13), the attractive interaction enhances the local density of light antiquarks around a static heavy quark, increasing the coalescence probability (Eq. 15) toward unity without an ad hoc normalization factor. The authors also study in-medium modifications via a temperature-dependent screening mass, finding that the coalescence probability remains near unity as long as the screening parameter satisfies mu/sqrt(sigma) < ~0.5, which corresponds to a ~60 MeV in-medium mass shift of D and B mesons.

Significance. The problem addressed is well-motivated: within the quasi-particle model framework constrained by the lattice-QCD equation of state, the total heavy-quark coalescence probability at T_c falls significantly below unity, which is physically problematic since a static heavy quark must hadronize via coalescence. The paper provides a concrete mechanism—potential-induced spatial clustering of light antiquarks—to resolve this without ad hoc rescaling. The potential is independently anchored to vacuum spectroscopy (Fig. 1), and the in-medium constraint (mu/sqrt(sigma) < 0.5 implying mass shifts < ~60 MeV) is a falsifiable prediction that can be compared against QCD sum-rule and effective-Lagrangian calculations. The finding that the coalescence probability is more sensitive to the screening mass than the meson mass itself is a useful phenomenological observation.

major comments (1)
  1. [Sec. III, Eqs. (9), (10), and (6)] The heavy-meson radius entering the Wigner function width sigma (Eq. 10) is treated as a free parameter in the range 0.5-1.0 fm, but the same potential used in Eq. (13) is also solved via the Schrodinger equation (Eq. 6) to obtain the meson wave function psi(r, T). This wave function has a definite spatial extent, <r^2> = integral of r^2 |psi(r)|^2 d^3r, which should fix sigma self-consistently. The central claim that the coalescence probability 'approaches unity' holds primarily at the lower end of the radius range (0.5 fm, which corresponds to the upper boundary of the bands in Figs. 3-4 after the potential is included). If the self-consistent radius from the fitted potential is in the 0.7-1.0 fm range, the probability falls below unity even with the potential, which would undermine the conclusion that no ad hoc normalization is needed. The authors should either compute <r^2> from the波
minor comments (6)
  1. [Fig. 2 caption] The caption states 'blue' and 'red' for the without- and with-potential curves, but the figure appears to use a different color scheme in the rendered version. Please verify consistency.
  2. [Sec. III, Eq. (15)] The notation D_3 is used for the spin degeneracy of the D meson, but D_3 was also used in Eq. (8) for the color-spin degeneracy factor of particle 3 (the produced hadron). Clarify whether these are the same quantity or distinct.
  3. [Sec. III, below Eq. (18)] The sentence 'For pseudoscalar D meson, the spin degeneracy factor (D_3 in Eq. (15) equals 1' has an unmatched parenthesis. Please fix.
  4. [Sec. IV, Fig. 5] The figure shows meson masses vs. mu/sqrt(sigma), but the range plotted (0.35-0.70) extends beyond the range discussed in the text (0.35-0.5). It would help to mark the mu/sqrt(sigma) = 0.5 value explicitly on the plot.
  5. [Sec. V] The sentence 'In this work, the heavy-light quark potential that reproduces the masses of both pseudoscalar and vector heavy mesons.' is grammatically incomplete; a verb is missing.
  6. [Sec. IV, last paragraph] The phrase 'At the same time, resulting in a shallower potential...' is a sentence fragment. Please integrate with the preceding sentence.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No strict circularity; internal inconsistency in radius treatment noted but coalescence probability is genuinely derived

full rationale

The paper's derivation chain is not circular in the strict sense. The heavy-light potential (Eq. 3) is fitted to external data (vacuum D, D*, B, B* meson masses), and the coalescence probability (Eq. 15) is a genuinely derived quantity that depends on the interplay of the potential, the thermal Fermi-Dirac distribution (Eq. 13), and the Wigner function (Eq. 9). The result is not forced to equal the input by construction. The self-citation [24] (Song & Zhao) is used for motivation ('Recently we demonstrated...'), not as a load-bearing mathematical step in the current derivation. The energy-density constraint comes from external lattice QCD calculations [37, 38]. The statistical hadronization ratio (Eq. 19, from [23]) is an external model input, not a self-derived quantity. However, there is a notable internal inconsistency: the Schrödinger equation (Eq. 6) with the fitted potential yields a wave function ψ(r,T) that determines ⟨r²⟩ and hence the Wigner function width σ via Eq. (10), but the paper treats the meson radius as a free parameter (0.5–1.0 fm) rather than computing it self-consistently. The central claim that coalescence probability 'approaches unity' holds primarily at the lower end of this range (0.5 fm, upper band in Figs. 3–4). If the self-consistent radius from the fitted potential were larger (0.7–1.0 fm), the probability would fall below unity even with the potential included, potentially undermining the conclusion that no ad hoc normalization is needed. This is a parameter-selection concern and an internal inconsistency, but it does not constitute circularity as defined: the prediction (coalescence probability) does not reduce to the fitted input (meson masses) by construction, and the paper transparently shows the radius sensitivity rather than hiding it. Score 2 reflects the minor concern that the paper avoids computing a quantity (the radius) that its own framework predicts, which could have constrained or invalidated its main conclusion.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

4 free parameters · 3 axioms · 0 invented entities

The model relies on standard constituent quark model parameters and lattice-QCD motivated potential forms. No new particles or forces are invented. The main model dependence is on the meson radius and the statistical hadronization ratios.

free parameters (4)
  • alpha_s = ~1.0 (0.97 for charm, 1.03 for bottom)
    Strong coupling constant fitted to reproduce D/D* and B/B* mass splitting.
  • m_Q = 1.14 GeV (charm), 4.59 GeV (bottom)
    Constituent heavy quark mass fitted to reproduce spin-averaged meson masses.
  • sigma (meson radius) = 0.5-1.0 fm
    Gaussian Wigner function width parameter, treated as a range. The central result depends on this being at the lower end.
  • alpha, beta (in r_0) = 2.2 fm^-1, 0.277
    Parameters in the spin-spin interaction form factor, taken from Ref. [29].
axioms (3)
  • domain assumption Coalescence probability should approach unity at low p_T.
    Stated in Introduction: 'a static heavy quark cannot hadronize through fragmentation.' This is the physical motivation for the entire study.
  • domain assumption Statistical hadronization model accurately describes relative abundances of charm hadrons.
    Used in Eq. (19) to extrapolate total coalescence probability from D-meson probability alone.
  • domain assumption Gaussian wavefunction is a valid approximation for 1-S state mesons.
    Used in Eq. (9) for the Wigner function. The result's sensitivity to the radius parameter stems from this choice.

pith-pipeline@v1.1.0-glm · 13494 in / 2126 out tokens · 295003 ms · 2026-07-10T02:35:37.093065+00:00 · methodology

0 comments
read the original abstract

In this study, we explore the role of the heavy quark potential in heavy quark coalescence, whose probability is expected to be unity at low momentum. To this end, we develop a phenomenological heavy quark potential based on the constituent quark model that reproduces the vacuum masses of pseudoscalar and vector heavy mesons. Using this potential, we demonstrate its enhancement effect on the coalescence probability. We also investigate how medium-induced modifications of the heavy quark potential in the quark gluon plasma affect the coalescence process. Our results indicate that the coalescence probability remains close to unity as long as the modification of the potential is sufficiently moderate.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.08707 by Jiaxing Zhao, Taesoo Song.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1: Masses of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2: Charm-quark coalescence probabilities at [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3: (Upper) the energy density correction and (lower) [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: shows the masses of the D, D∗ , B and B∗ mesons as functions of the screening mass µ. As ex￾pected, the meson masses decrease with increasing µ. For example, when µ/√ σ increases from 0.35 to 0.5, the D￾meson mass decreases from 1.87 GeV to 1.81 GeV, while the B-meson mass decreases from 5.28 GeV to 5.22 GeV. The resulting mass shifts are relatively modest, amount￾ing to approximately 60 MeV for both syste… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4: Bottom-quark coalescence probabilities at [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6: Charm-quark (upper panel) and bottom-quark (lower [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_6.png] view at source ↗

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

42 extracted references · 42 canonical work pages · 37 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    as functions of the strong couplingα s form c = 1.14 GeV andm b = 4.59 GeV. III. HEA VY QUARK COALESCENCE PROBABILITY Heavy quarks hadronize in heavy-ion collisions through either fragmentation or coalescence [21]. Fragmentation dominates at highp T , whereas coalescence becomes the primary hadronization mechanism at lowp T . Conse- quently, a static heav...

    work page

  2. [2]

    Heavy Quarks in the Quark-Gluon Plasma

    R. Rapp and H. van Hees (2010), pp. 111–206, 0903.1096

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2010

  3. [3]

    Heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in the LHC era: from proton-proton to heavy-ion collisions

    A. Andronic et al., Eur. Phys. J. C76, 107 (2016), 1506.03981

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016

  4. [4]

    Dong and V

    X. Dong and V. Greco, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys.104, 97 7 (2019)

    work page 2019

  5. [5]

    Open Heavy-Flavor Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions

    X. Dong, Y.-J. Lee, and R. Rapp, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.69, 417 (2019), 1903.07709

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2019

  6. [6]

    J. Zhao, K. Zhou, S. Chen, and P. Zhuang, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys.114, 103801 (2020), 2005.08277

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2020

  7. [7]

    T. Song, I. Grishmanovskii, O. Soloveva, and E. Bratkovskaya, Phys. Rev. C110, 034906 (2024), 2404.00425

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2024

  8. [8]

    Transport coefficients of heavy quarks by elastic and radiative scatterings in the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma

    I. Grishmanovskii, T. Song, C. Greiner, and E. Bratkovskaya, Phys. Rev. D112, 014042 (2025), 2503.22311

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2025

  9. [9]

    R. J. Fries, B. Muller, C. Nonaka, and S. A. Bass, Phys. Rev. C68, 044902 (2003), nucl-th/0306027

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2003

  10. [10]

    Parton coalescence at RHIC

    V. Greco, C. M. Ko, and P. Levai, Phys. Rev. C68, 034904 (2003), nucl-th/0305024

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2003

  11. [11]

    Parton coalescence and antiproton/pion anomaly at RHIC

    V. Greco, C. M. Ko, and P. Levai, Phys. Rev. Lett.90, 202302 (2003), nucl-th/0301093

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2003

  12. [12]

    Charmed Hadrons from Coalescence plus Fragmentation in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC and LHC

    S. Plumari, V. Minissale, S. K. Das, G. Coci, and V. Greco, Eur. Phys. J. C78, 348 (2018), 1712.00730

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

  13. [13]

    Charmed hadron chemistry in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

    S. Cao, K.-J. Sun, S.-Q. Li, S. Y. F. Liu, W.-J. Xing, G.- Y. Qin, and C. M. Ko, Phys. Lett. B807, 135561 (2020), 1911.00456

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2020

  14. [14]

    Quark Coalescence for Charmed Mesons in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

    V. Greco, C. M. Ko, and R. Rapp, Phys. Lett. B595, 202 (2004), nucl-th/0312100

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2004

  15. [15]

    Hadronization and Charm-Hadron Ratios in Heavy-Ion Collisions

    M. He and R. Rapp, Phys. Rev. Lett.124, 042301 (2020), 1905.09216

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2020

  16. [16]

    T. Song, H. Berrehrah, D. Cabrera, J. M. Torres-Rincon, L. Tolos, W. Cassing, and E. Bratkovskaya, Phys. Rev. C92, 014910 (2015), 1503.03039

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015

  17. [17]

    T. Song, H. Berrehrah, D. Cabrera, W. Cassing, and E. Bratkovskaya, Phys. Rev. C93, 034906 (2016), 1512.00891

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016

  18. [18]

    J. Zhao, J. Aichelin, P. B. Gossiaux, V. Ozvenchuk, and K. Werner, Phys. Rev. C110, 024909 (2024), 2401.17096

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2024

  19. [19]

    Particle-type dependence of azimuthal anisotropy and nuclear modification of particle production in Au+Au collisions at s(NN)**(1/2) = 200-GeV

    J. Adams et al. (STAR), Phys. Rev. Lett.92, 052302 (2004), nucl-ex/0306007

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2004

  20. [20]

    S. S. Adler et al. (PHENIX), Phys. Rev. Lett.91, 182301 (2003), nucl-ex/0305013

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2003

  21. [21]

    Extraction of Heavy-Flavor Transport Coefficients in QCD Matter

    A. Beraudo et al., Nucl. Phys. A979, 21 (2018), 1803.03824

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

  22. [22]

    Hadronization of Heavy Quarks

    J. Zhao et al., Phys. Rev. C109, 054912 (2024), 2311.10621

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2024

  23. [23]

    Towards the understanding of heavy quarks hadronization: from leptonic to heavy-ion collisions

    J. Altmann, A. Dubla, V. Greco, A. Rossi, and P. Skands, Eur. Phys. J. C85, 16 (2025), 2405.19137

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2025

  24. [24]

    Prerequisites for heavy quark coalescence in heavy-ion collisions

    T. Song and G. Coci, Nucl. Phys. A1028, 122539 (2022), 2104.10987

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2022

  25. [25]

    Song and J

    T. Song and J. Zhao, Phys. Rev. C113, 024916 (2026), 2512.06339

    work page arXiv 2026

  26. [26]

    H. Satz, J. Phys. G32, R25 (2006), hep-ph/0512217

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2006

  27. [27]

    Heavy Quark Interactions in Finite Temperature QCD

    S. Digal, O. Kaczmarek, F. Karsch, and H. Satz, Eur. Phys. J. C43, 71 (2005), hep-ph/0505193

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2005

  28. [28]

    Kaczmarek, Eur

    O. Kaczmarek, Eur. Phys. J. C61, 811 (2009)

    work page 2009

  29. [29]

    R. K. Bhaduri, L. E. Cohler, and Y. Nogami, Nuovo Cim. A65, 376 (1981)

    work page 1981

  30. [30]

    A. Park, P. Gubler, M. Harada, S. H. Lee, C. Nonaka, and W. Park, Phys. Rev. D93, 054035 (2016), 1601.01250

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016

  31. [31]

    D meson mass and heavy quark potential at finite temperature

    P. Gubler, T. Song, and S. H. Lee, Phys. Rev. D101, 114029 (2020), 2003.09073

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2020

  32. [32]

    The hadronization time of heavy quark in nuclear matter

    T. Song and H. Berrehrah, Phys. Rev. C94, 034901 (2016), 1601.04449

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016

  33. [33]

    Heavy quark mass near the phase transition

    T. Song and Q. Zhou, Phys. Scripta99, 125304 (2024), 2405.08535

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2024

  34. [34]

    Enhanced production of $\psi(2S)$ mesons in heavy ion collisions

    S. Cho, Phys. Rev. C91, 054914 (2015), 1408.4756

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015

  35. [35]

    Angular Momentum Eigenstates of the Isotropic 3-D Harmonic Oscillator: Phase-Space Distributions and Coalescence Probabilities

    M. Kordell, II, R. J. Fries, and C. M. Ko, Annals Phys. 443, 168960 (2022), 2112.12269

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2022

  36. [36]

    J. Zhao, P. B. Gossiaux, T. Song, E. Bratkovskaya, and J. Aichelin, EPJ Web Conf.296, 09014 (2024), 2312.11349

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2024

  37. [37]

    The multiple-charm hierarchy in the statistical hadronization model

    A. Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, M. K. K¨ ohler, A. Mazeliauskas, K. Redlich, J. Stachel, and V. Vislavi- cius, JHEP07, 035 (2021), 2104.12754

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2021

  38. [38]

    The QCD equation of state with dynamical quarks

    S. Borsanyi, G. Endrodi, Z. Fodor, A. Jakovac, S. D. Katz, S. Krieg, C. Ratti, and K. K. Szabo, JHEP11, 077 (2010), 1007.2580

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2010

  39. [39]

    QCD equation of state at nonzero chemical potential: continuum results with physical quark masses at order mu^2

    S. Borsanyi, G. Endrodi, Z. Fodor, S. D. Katz, S. Krieg, C. Ratti, and K. K. Szabo, JHEP08, 053 (2012), 1204.6710

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2012

  40. [40]

    Recent thermodynamic results from lattice QCD analyzed within a quasi-particle model

    S. Plumari, W. M. Alberico, V. Greco, and C. Ratti, Phys. Rev. D84, 094004 (2011), 1103.5611

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2011

  41. [41]

    Exploring the partonic phase at finite chemical potential within an extended off-shell transport approach

    P. Moreau, O. Soloveva, L. Oliva, T. Song, W. Cassing, and E. Bratkovskaya, Phys. Rev. C100, 014911 (2019), 1903.10257

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2019

  42. [42]

    Impact of a thermal medium on $D$ mesons and their chiral partners

    G. Monta˜ na, `A. Ramos, L. Tolos, and J. M. Torres- Rincon, Phys. Lett. B806, 135464 (2020), 2001.11877

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2020