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Probing Local Charm Hadronization Dynamics with Hadron-Anchored Energy Correlators

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Robert Vertesi

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 15 Sep 2026 · 28 references

Pith's verdict: A clean, well-executed introduction of a new observable for charm hadronization; the main limitation is that its universality rests on Pythia8 tunes only, but the paper is honest about that and deserves a serious referee.

T0 · AI review

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arXiv ID2609.16753 (version 1)
Pith IDM4LXR4YL, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationRobert Vertesi. "Probing Local Charm Hadronization Dynamics with Hadron-Anchored Energy Correlators." arXiv:2609.16753 (2026). https://pith.science/paper/M4LXR4YL
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Claim paper

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The paper

The paper claims

The hadron-anchored energy correlator reveals a robust, pT-scaling suppression of energy flow around Lambda_c+ baryons compared to D0 mesons in simulated charm jets.

The reading

The hadron-anchored energy correlator (HAEC) is a new way to look inside a jet of particles produced in high-energy collisions. Instead of measuring the overall energy distribution relative to the jet axis, HAEC fixes one end of the measurement on a specific particle of interest, like a D0 meson or a Lambda_c+ baryon. It then measures the energy of the other jet particles as a function of their angle away from this anchor particle. This gives a map of the energy environment right around that particular hadron. The authors used the Pythia 8 simulation program to generate jets containing either a D0 meson or a Lambda_c+ baryon, both of which contain a charm quark. They compared the HAEC distributions for these two kinds of jets, forming a ratio that highlights differences in the local energy flow. They found that the energy around the Lambda_c+ is strongly suppressed at small angles compared to the D0, with a suppression factor of about 0.5 at zero angle. The recovery from this suppression happens at an angular scale that decreases as the jet's transverse momentum increases. The product of this scale and the jet pT is a constant, approximately 0.95 GeV/c, and it does not depend on which particular hadronization model they used in the simulation. This suggests the scale is a robust feature of how baryons form from quarks. The authors propose that future experiments with bottom quarks can determine whether the scale comes from the heavy quark mass or from the local process of baryon formation via diquark production.
Extended reading notes

Core claim

The HAEC observable yields a statistically robust, pT-scaling, angularly localized suppression of energy around the Lambda_c+ relative to D0, characterized by constants R0 approximately 0.5 and theta0 times pT_jet approximately 0.93-0.98 GeV/c, stable across hadronization scenarios.

Load-bearing premise

The analysis assumes that the Pythia8 simulations with the specific color-reconnection tunes (Monash, CR-QCD, CR-BLC) adequately span the physics of charm hadronization in pp collisions. If the true hadronization mechanism involves physics not captured by the Lund string model (e.g., multi-parton interactions beyond CR or novel reconnection topologies), the claimed universality of R0 and theta0 might not hold.

Original abstract

We introduce the hadron-anchored energy correlator (HAEC), a jet-restricted realization of the fragmentation energy correlator and the semi-inclusive energy correlator frameworks, and apply it to heavy-flavor-tagged jets in hadron collisions. Using \textsc{Pythia}~8 simulations of ${\rm D}^0$- and $\Lambda_c^+$-tagged jets, we find a pronounced, localized suppression of energy flow around the $\Lambda_c^+$ relative to the ${\rm D}^0$, followed by a sharp transition scaling as $\theta_0\propto1/p_{\rm T}^{\rm jet}$ with little tune dependence. The conventional jet-axis radial profile shows qualitatively different color-reconnection dependence, suggesting reduced sensitivity of HAEC to jet-axis effects. A beauty-sector study can distinguish a heavy-quark-mass origin from a local fragmentation-vertex origin.

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged, kept beside the review and separate from it. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 3,836 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.08 · states limitation 0.31 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.59 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.59 · compares with prior results 0.87 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

We introduce the hadron-anchored energy correlator (HAEC), a jet-restricted realization of the fragmentation energy correlator and the semi-inclusive energy correlator frameworks, and apply it to heavy-flavor-tagged jets in hadron collisions. Using \textsc{Pythia}~8 simulations of ${\rm D}^0$- and $\Lambda_c^+$-tagged jets, we find a pronounced, localized suppression of energy flow around the $\Lambda_c^+$ relative to the ${\rm D}^0$, followed by a sharp transition scaling as $\theta_0\propto1/p_{\rm T}^{\rm jet}$ with little tune dependence. The conventional jet-axis radial profile shows qualitatively different color-reconnection dependence, suggesting reduced sensitivity of HAEC to jet-axis effects. A beauty-sector study can distinguish a heavy-quark-mass origin from a local fragmentation-vertex origin.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 We introduce the hadron-anchored energy correlator (HAEC), a jet-restricted realization of the fragmentation energy correlator and the semi-inclusive energy correlator frameworks, and apply it to heavy-flavor-tagged jets in hadron collisions. contribution 1.00 0.90 0.07 asserted 0.99
s1 Using \textsc{Pythia}~8 simulations of ${\rm D}^0$- and $\Lambda_c^+$-tagged jets, we find a pronounced, localized suppression of energy flow around the $\Lambda_c^+$ relative to the ${\rm D}^0$, followed by a sharp transition scaling as $\theta_0\propto1/p_{\rm T}^{\rm jet}$ with little tune dependence. result 1.00 0.96 0.64 asserted 1.00
s2 The conventional jet-axis radial profile shows qualitatively different color-reconnection dependence, suggesting reduced sensitivity of HAEC to jet-axis effects. result 0.61 0.83 0.09 hedged possibility 0.97
s3 A beauty-sector study can distinguish a heavy-quark-mass origin from a local fragmentation-vertex origin. future work 0.90 0.19 0.12 hedged possibility 0.64

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: method or tool 0.92 · evidence from simulation or computation 1.00.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v1
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
levels run
  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

Figures
Figure 1. Inclusive HAEC for D0 and Λ+ c -tagged jets (CR-BLC scenario): (a) unnormalized Ch(θ); (b) shape-normalized versions; (c) the ratio RΛ + c /D0 (θ). 4.2 zh-differential HAEC Slicing the sample by the momentum fraction zh retained by the tagged hadron reveals qualitatively distinct behavior across the zh range (
Figure 2. RΛ + c /D0 (θ) in three zh ranges (0.3–0.5, 0.5–0.7, 0.7–1.0), CR-BLC scenario. The statistical robustness of the zh-differential result in
Figure 3. compares RΛ + c /D0 (θ) from HAEC with the analogous ratio R ρ Λ + c /D0 (r) constructed from the conventional radial profile, Eq. (4), for the Monash, CR-QCD, and CR-BLC scenarios. Panel (a) shows the inclusive HAEC ratio; panel (b) shows the radial profile ratio. Under Monash, R ρ Λ + c /D0 (r) shows a broad suppression (≈ 0.85–0.95) across most of the radial range. Under CR-BLC, on the other hand, the same observable shows an enhancement. By contrast, the qualitative shape of the HAEC ratio is preserved across scenarios (Sec. 4.5), indicating that the axis-referenced radial…
Figure 4. pT-differential HAEC: CD0 (θ), CΛ + c (θ), and RΛ + c /D0 (θ) across four jet-pT bins. To verify that the extracted θ0 ∝ 1/pT scaling reflects genuine species-differential physics rather than a generic artifact of the fitting procedure, we repeated the identical sigmoid-fit analysis on a same-species control ratio: we compared the shape-normalized D0 HAEC distribution between the CR-BLC and Monash scenarios. This control shows a much weaker transition (R0 ≈ 1.09–1.11, R∞ ≈ 0.94–0.97, i.e. a factor of several smaller in amplitude than the Λ+ c /D0 signal), of opposite sign, described…
Figure 5. Sigmoid fits to RΛ + c /D0 (θ) in each jet-pT bin, CR-BLC scenario. 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 ] -1 [GeV ch,jet T 1/p 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05 0 θ pp s = 13 TeV PYTHIA 8.317 CR-BLC Sigmoid inflection point
Figure 6. Fitted transition scale θ0 versus 1/pjet T , for CR-BLC with a linear fit. 9
Figure 7. (a) shows RΛ + c /D0 (θ) at both radii, each normalized as in Eq. (3). The small￾angle suppression and its recovery occur at the same θ for both radii, but the two curves are offset by an approximately constant factor. This offset is a normalization artifact: Eq. (3) normalizes Ch(θ) over the full jet cone [0, R], and since the D0 and Λ+ c distributions carry different weight in the region θ ∈ (0.4, 0.6] present only at R = 0.6, the two normalizations are not directly comparable even within θ ∈ [0, 0.4]. Panel (b) renormalizes both samples over the common window [0, 0.4], removing…

Figures reproduced from arXiv:2609.16753 by the authors.

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