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Emergence of Primacy and Recency Effect in Mamba: A Mechanistic Point of View

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arxiv 2506.15156 v1 pith:2UP6XXR2 submitted 2025-06-18 cs.CL

Emergence of Primacy and Recency Effect in Mamba: A Mechanistic Point of View

classification cs.CL
keywords memoryinputprimacyrecencyeffectsitemslanguagemamba
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We study memory in state-space language models using primacy and recency effects as behavioral tools to uncover how information is retained and forgotten over time. Applying structured recall tasks to the Mamba architecture, we observe a consistent U-shaped accuracy profile, indicating strong performance at the beginning and end of input sequences. We identify three mechanisms that give rise to this pattern. First, long-term memory is supported by a sparse subset of channels within the model's selective state space block, which persistently encode early input tokens and are causally linked to primacy effects. Second, short-term memory is governed by delta-modulated recurrence: recent inputs receive more weight due to exponential decay, but this recency advantage collapses when distractor items are introduced, revealing a clear limit to memory depth. Third, we find that memory allocation is dynamically modulated by semantic regularity: repeated relations in the input sequence shift the delta gating behavior, increasing the tendency to forget intermediate items. We validate these findings via targeted ablations and input perturbations on two large-scale Mamba-based language models: one with 1.4B and another with 7B parameters.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 8.0

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  3. WriteSAE: Sparse Autoencoders for Recurrent State

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 8.0

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    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

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