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Quantum Reference Frames at the Boundary of Spacetime
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An analysis is given of the local phase space of gravity coupled to matter to second order in perturbation theory. Working in local regions with boundaries at finite distance, we identify matter, Coulomb, and additional boundary modes. The boundary modes take the role of reference frames for both diffeomorphisms and internal Lorentz rotations. Passing to the quantum level, we identify the constraints that link the bulk and boundary modes. The constraints take the form of a multi-fingered Schr\"odinger equation, which determines the relational evolution of the quantum states in the bulk with respect to the quantum reference fields at the boundary.
Forward citations
Cited by 10 Pith papers
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For closed quantum N-particle systems all 3N canonical degrees of freedom are physical; the frame degrees of freedom that relational models discard reappear as non-Heisenberg terms in generalised uncertainty relations...
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Extends quantum reference frames to quantum reference fields in linearized quantum gravity and derives unitary maps implementing relational gauge-invariant observables between quantum perspectives.
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Electromagnetic edge modes on bounded spacetimes with corners are treated as quantum reference frames for large gauge transformations via a state-independent C*-algebraic relativisation map, with superselection sector...
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Localization and anomalous reference frames in gravity
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For ideal quantum reference frames with a single constraint, the perspective-neutral, algebraic, and effective semiclassical approaches describe the same physics and the same frame-switching rules.
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Position-superposed labs define quantum reference frames operationally, differ from Wigner's-friend observers, and can broadcast outcomes without decohering their position superposition.
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A two-observer Z2 toy model is used to argue that internal observers can access the total charge, favoring weak over strong symmetry in quantum reference frame frameworks.
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Quantum reference frames for spacetime symmetries and large gauge transformations
Applies operational quantum reference frames to obtain type reduction for QFT algebras and to quantize boundary electric fluxes with gluing for quantum electromagnetism on spacetimes with boundaries.
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