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Non-Gaussian transverse momentum fluctuations from impact parameter fluctuations

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arxiv 2306.09294 v2 pith:4I2NXQ5Q submitted 2023-06-15 nucl-th hep-exhep-phnucl-ex

classification nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-ex
keywords fluctuationsimpactmultiplicityparameterskewnessmomentumtransversecollision
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

The transverse momentum per particle, $[p_t]$, fluctuates event by event in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions, for a given multiplicity. These fluctuations are small and approximately Gaussian, but a non-zero skewness has been predicted on the basis of hydrodynamic calculations, and seen experimentally. We argue that the mechanism driving the skewness is that, if the system thermalizes, the mean transverse momentum increases with impact parameter for a fixed collision multiplicity. We postulate that fluctuations are Gaussian at fixed impact parameter, and that non-Gaussianities solely result from impact parameter fluctuations. Using recent data on the variance of $[p_t]$ fluctuations, we make quantitative predictions for their skewness and kurtosis as a function of the collision multiplicity. We predict in particular a spectacular increase of the skewness below the knee of the multiplicity distribution, followed by a fast decrease.

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Forward citations

Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Thermal and geometric normal modes of spectral fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions

    nucl-th 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    Rotated PCA of simulated Pb+Pb spectra separates spectral fluctuations into a coherent thermal mode that fully explains v0(pT) and a double-node geometric mode that drives the low-pT sign change of v02(pT).

  2. Extracting the speed of sound of QCD from transverse momentum fluctuations

    hep-ph 2026-03 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    From ATLAS data on transverse-momentum fluctuations in ultra-central Pb+Pb collisions, the QGP speed of sound is extracted as 0.496 ± 0.008 at 221 ± 13 MeV, matching lattice QCD.

  3. Study of $p_\mathrm{T}$-differential radial flow in blast-wave model

    nucl-ex 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A blast-wave model with Gaussian event-by-event fluctuations reproduces ALICE v0(pT) data and yields systematically higher freeze-out temperatures than conventional pT-spectra fits.

  4. Few is different: deciphering many-body dynamics in mesoscopic quantum gases

    cond-mat.quant-gas 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 3.0 of 10

    A workshop report mapping the size, equilibrium, and interaction frontiers of hydrodynamic behavior in mesoscopic quantum systems, connecting few-atom Fermi gases and high-energy small collision systems.

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