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Pre-trained Models for Natural Language Processing: A Survey

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arxiv 2003.08271 v4 pith:4ULCNCCL submitted 2020-03-18 cs.CL cs.LG

Pre-trained Models for Natural Language Processing: A Survey

classification cs.CL cs.LG
keywords ptmslanguagesurveymodelsnaturalpre-trainedprocessingresearch
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Recently, the emergence of pre-trained models (PTMs) has brought natural language processing (NLP) to a new era. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of PTMs for NLP. We first briefly introduce language representation learning and its research progress. Then we systematically categorize existing PTMs based on a taxonomy with four perspectives. Next, we describe how to adapt the knowledge of PTMs to the downstream tasks. Finally, we outline some potential directions of PTMs for future research. This survey is purposed to be a hands-on guide for understanding, using, and developing PTMs for various NLP tasks.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    cs.SE 2026-03 accept novelty 7.0

    LLM4Log is a systematic review of 145 papers on LLM-based log analysis that delivers a unified taxonomy, design patterns, and open challenges for reliable adoption in AIOps.

  2. Search-R3: Unifying Reasoning and Embedding in Large Language Models

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    Search-R3 trains LLMs to output search embeddings as a direct product of step-by-step reasoning via supervised pre-training and a specialized RL environment that avoids full corpus re-encoding.

  3. LLM4Log: A Systematic Review of Large Language Model-based Log Analysis

    cs.SE 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Systematic review of 145 papers on LLM-based log analysis, providing a unified taxonomy, common design patterns, evaluation practices, and challenges for deployment under drift and limited labels.

  4. A Survey of Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2023-03 accept novelty 3.0

    This survey reviews the background, key techniques, and evaluation methods for large language models, emphasizing emergent abilities that appear at large scales.