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arxiv 2206.00677 v3 pith:5DGPQFWI submitted 2022-06-01 cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.str-elhep-th

The Loschmidt Spectral Form Factor

classification cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.str-elhep-th
keywords loschmidtensemblefactorformlambdaspectralaverageddensity
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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The Spectral Form Factor (SFF) measures the fluctuations in the density of states of a Hamiltonian. We consider a generalization of the SFF called the Loschmidt Spectral Form Factor, $\textrm{tr}[e^{iH_1T}]\textrm{tr} [e^{-iH_2T}]$, for $H_1-H_2$ small. If the ensemble average of the SFF is the variance of the density fluctuations for a single Hamiltonian drawn from the ensemble, the averaged Loschmidt SFF is the covariance for two Hamiltonians drawn from a correlated ensemble. This object is a time-domain version of the parametric correlations studied in the quantum chaos and random matrix literatures. We show analytically that the averaged Loschmidt SFF is proportional to $e^{i\lambda T}T$ for a complex rate $\lambda$ with a positive imaginary part, showing in a quantitative way that the long-time details of the spectrum are exponentially more sensitive to perturbations than the short-time properties. We calculate $\lambda$ in a number of cases, including random matrix theory, theories with a single localized defect, and hydrodynamic theories.

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