Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 7 minor 39 references

Decay asymmetries could expose or kill a dark-matter model

Reviewed by Pith at T0; open to challenge. T0 means a machine referee read the full paper against a public rubric. the ladder, T0–T4 →

T0 review · glm-5.2

2026-07-09 09:29 UTC pith:5JDSBU6O

load-bearing objection Solid phenomenological study of cLFV in a specific scotogenic variant; the tau asymmetry prediction is the headline result but rests on thin sampling. the 3 major comments →

arxiv 2607.07484 v1 pith:5JDSBU6O submitted 2026-07-08 hep-ph

Revisiting cLFV in "T1-2-A" scotogenic models: asymmetries in three-body lepton decays

classification hep-ph
keywords charged lepton flavour violationscotogenic modeldark matterneutrino massesthree-body lepton decaysangular asymmetriesCP violationmuon g-2
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper re-examines a specific extension of the Standard Model called the T1-2-A scotogenic model, which simultaneously explains neutrino masses and provides a dark-matter candidate. Previous studies of this model relied on it also explaining a now-vanished discrepancy in the muon's magnetic moment (g-2), which forced a specific regime where one type of contribution (the dipole operator) dominated all charged-lepton-flavour-violating (cLFV) processes and produced strong correlations between different observables. With the g-2 tension gone, the authors perform a broader scan of the model's parameter space and show that multiple operators (dipole, anapole, Z-penguin, and box diagrams) now compete, erasing those correlations. They then compute three angular asymmetries (T, P, and P') in polarised three-body lepton decays, finding that the tau-to-3-mu channel is especially diagnostic: viable parameter-space points within future experimental reach predict a near-zero T asymmetry and a P asymmetry as large as 90 percent. The paper argues that these asymmetry patterns, measurable at future facilities, offer a new way to test or falsify the model even though the old correlation-based tests no longer apply.

Core claim

The central finding is that once the T1-2-A scotogenic model is explored without requiring it to explain the muon g-2 anomaly, the dipole-dominated regime that previously produced tight correlations between cLFV observables gives way to a multi-operator regime. In this new regime, the T, P, and P' angular asymmetries in three-body lepton decays become the discriminating observables. The tau-to-3-mu channel is the most predictive: phenomenologically viable points within future FCC-ee sensitivity cluster at A_T approximately 0 and |A_P| up to 90 percent, while the muon-to-3e channel allows asymmetries up to 25 percent or more across a broader ellipse reflecting interference among at leastthree

What carries the argument

The T1-2-A scotogenic model adds one scalar doublet, one real scalar singlet, two Majorana fermion singlets, and two vector-like Dirac fermion doublets to the Standard Model, all odd under a Z2 symmetry whose lightest state is the dark-matter candidate. Neutrino masses arise at one loop. The cLFV three-body decay amplitudes receive contributions from dipole, anapole, Z-penguin, Higgs-penguin, and box diagrams, and the T, P, and P' asymmetries are constructed from the spin-dependent angular distribution of the decay products of a polarised lepton. A modified Casas-Ibarra parametrisation enforces neutrino oscillation data, and a differential-evolution Markov-Chain Monte Carlo scan explores the

Load-bearing premise

The parameter-space scan uses bonus weights that favour points within future experimental sensitivity and points satisfying all constraints, which means the reported distributions of asymmetries and rates reflect a non-uniform sampling rather than an unbiased survey; the paper does not verify whether the qualitative asymmetry patterns (especially the tau-to-3-mu signature) survive a change of weighting scheme.

What would settle it

Observation of a non-zero T asymmetry in tau-to-3-mu decays at a level clearly above approximately one percent, for decay rates within FCC-ee reach, would contradict the model's prediction of A_T near zero in that region and thus falsify the T1-2-A scotogenic variant.

Watch this falsifier — get emailed when new claim-graph text bears on it.

If this is right

  • If tau-to-3-mu decays are observed at FCC-ee with a sizeable T asymmetry, the T1-2-A scotogenic model would be strongly disfavoured, since its viable parameter space predicts A_T near zero for points within experimental reach.
  • If muon-to-3e is observed at Mu3e, the measured asymmetries can constrain the expected rate of muon-to-electron conversion in aluminium, providing a cross-check between different experimental programmes.
  • The loss of dipole-dominance correlations means that observing a single cLFV channel no longer pins down the model; multiple observables, including asymmetries, are needed to characterise or exclude it.
  • The identification of box-diagram and anapole contributions as dominant in certain flavour channels suggests that future experimental strategies should target not just branching ratios but angular distributions to disentangle the underlying operators.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 7 minor

Summary. This manuscript presents a comprehensive reassessment of charged lepton flavour violation (cLFV) in the T1-2-A scotogenic model, motivated by the recent resolution of the (g-2)_mu anomaly. The authors perform a differential evolution MCMC (DE-MCMC) scan of the model's parameter space, treating neutrino oscillation data as the sole input (via a Casas-Ibarra parametrisation) and all cLFV observables as outputs. The study finds that, freed from the requirement of saturating (g-2)_mu, the model predicts sizeable cLFV rates within reach of future experiments, particularly in muon transitions. The novel element is the computation of T, P, and P' asymmetries in three-body lepton decays (mu->3e and tau->3mu), which serve as additional discriminating observables. The authors identify a distinctive pattern for tau->3mu decays within FCC-ee reach: A_T ~ 0 and |A_P| up to 90%, presented as a falsifiable prediction of the model.

Significance. The paper makes a timely contribution by revisiting the cLFV phenomenology of the T1-2-A scotogenic model in light of the resolved (g-2)_mu tension. The computation of asymmetries in three-body cLFV decays using full numerical integration (rather than asymptotic expansions) is a methodological strength, and the identification of falsifiable patterns in the tau sector is phenomenologically valuable. The analytical expressions for branching ratios and asymmetries (Eqs. 15-19) are clearly presented and consistent with the effective operator framework. The study of CP-sensitive invariants (Eq. 20) as a diagnostic for A_T is a nice addition. The work provides concrete, testable predictions that complement existing cLFV correlation studies.

major comments (3)
  1. Section 2.3 (DE-MCMC scan): The weighting scheme assigns 'bonus weights' to points within future experimental sensitivity and to points satisfying all constraints. This non-uniform sampling directly affects which regions of parameter space appear in the final results, yet the paper does not discuss whether the qualitative conclusions — particularly the tau asymmetry pattern (A_T ~ 0, |A_P| up to 90%) — are robust under alternative weighting choices. Since this pattern is presented as a falsifiable prediction, its dependence on the sampling procedure should be addressed. At minimum, the authors should clarify whether the A_T ~ 0 pattern for FCC-ee-reachable points is driven by a physical argument (operator dominance structure) or by the sampling. The statement in Section 4.3 that FCC-ee-reachable points are 'either strongly box dominated or dipole dominated' is plausible but unquantified;
  2. Section 4.2 and Fig. 11: The number of sampled points within FCC-ee sensitivity (BR(tau->3mu) >= 5e-11) is not reported and appears very small from the figure. The claim that A_T ~ 0 for these points is presented as a distinctive prediction, but its statistical significance is unclear. The authors should state the number of points in this subset and provide some measure of whether the A_T ~ 0 pattern is a robust feature or an artefact of small statistics. Footnote 11 acknowledges that alternative patterns exist but are 'statistically disfavoured (almost singular)' — in a weighted scan, 'statistically disfavoured' is a property of the sampling, not necessarily of the model. Providing the operator decomposition for the FCC-ee-reachable subset (analogous to Fig. 7 for mu->3e) would strengthen the claim.
  3. Footnote 11: The acknowledgement that points with large A_T within experimental reach exist but are 'statistically disfavoured' is important and should be promoted to the main text. As currently placed in a footnote, it risks being overlooked. The physical argument for why these cases are 'almost singular' (requiring specific cancellations in the Casas-Ibarra parametrisation) should be elaborated, and the authors should clarify whether a flavour symmetry could render these cases less fine-tuned, which would weaken the A_T ~ 0 prediction. This is directly relevant to the falsifiability claim.
minor comments (7)
  1. Table 3: The parameter ranges for the quartic couplings (lambda_S, lambda_eta, etc.) span 10^-10 to 1. The lower bound of 10^-10 seems unusually small; the authors should clarify whether this is physically motivated or a scanning artefact, and whether perturbativity is enforced as an upper cut and at what scale.
  2. Section 2.3: The chi^2 construction is described only qualitatively. A more precise specification of which observables enter the chi^2 and how the 'bonus weights' are numerically implemented would help reproducibility.
  3. Fig. 8: The distinction between 'Beyond experimental reach' and 'Within Mu3e/FCC-ee future reach' points is made by colour, but the colour coding is not easily distinguishable in the printed version. Using different marker styles in addition to colour would improve clarity.
  4. Eq. (12): The notation for the asymmetry definitions in Eq. (13) uses integration regions that are somewhat unusual. A brief comment on the physical meaning of each integration region (or a reference to where this is derived) would help the reader.
  5. Section 4.1: The statement that points within reach for tau->3e decays are 'not statistically significant' should be quantified — how many points are there, and at what level?
  6. The reference to [17] (Darricau, Kriewald, Teixeira) appears to be a companion paper. The overlap in methodology and results between the two papers should be clarified to ensure that novelty is properly delineated.
  7. Fig. 2: The colour palette for the third-generation coupling variation is described but the actual colour-to-value mapping is not clearly indicated in the figure caption. A colour bar or explicit statement of which colour corresponds to which coupling value would help.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for a careful and constructive report, and for recognizing the timeliness and methodological contributions of our work. The three major comments all concern the robustness and presentation of the tau asymmetry pattern (A_T ~ 0, |A_P| up to 90%) for FCC-ee-reachable points. We agree that these are important points that warrant clarification and, in two cases, revision of the manuscript. Below we address each comment in turn.

read point-by-point responses
  1. Referee: Section 2.3 (DE-MCMC scan): The weighting scheme assigns 'bonus weights' to points within future experimental sensitivity and to points satisfying all constraints. This non-uniform sampling directly affects which regions of parameter space appear in the final results, yet the paper does not discuss whether the qualitative conclusions — particularly the tau asymmetry pattern (A_T ~ 0, |A_P| up to 90%) — are robust under alternative weighting choices. Since this pattern is presented as a falsifiable prediction, its dependence on the sampling procedure should be addressed. At minimum, the authors should clarify whether the A_T ~ 0 pattern for FCC-ee-reachable points is driven by a physical argument (operator dominance structure) or by the sampling. The statement in Section 4.3 that FCC-ee-reachable points are 'either strongly box dominated or dipole dominated' is plausible but unquantified.

    Authors: The referee raises a valid concern. We agree that the physical origin of the A_T ~ 0 pattern must be distinguished from any artifact of the sampling procedure, and that the statement in Section 4.3 regarding box/dipole dominance is unquantified. We will revise the manuscript to address both points. First, we will clarify that the A_T ~ 0 pattern for FCC-ee-reachable tau->3mu points is driven by the operator structure, not by the sampling: from Eq. (19), A_T requires interference between the dipole form factor (K_{2}^{L/R}) and the vector/scalar four-fermion operators (A^{V,S}_{XY}). For tau->3mu, the FCC-ee-reachable points are dominated by either the right-right vector box (B^V_{RR}, proportional to g_R^alpha g_R^{beta*}) or the dipole (K_2^R). In the box-dominated regime, the dipole contribution is subdominant, suppressing A_T which requires dipole-vector interference. In the dipole-dominated regime, A_T vanishes because it requires interference between two distinct operators. Thus A_T ~ 0 follows from the operator dominance structure, not from the weighting. Second, we will quantify the operator decomposition for the FCC-ee-reachable subset, providing the fraction of points that are box-dominated versus dipole-dominated, and the typical ratio of subdominant to dominant operator contributions. This will be added to Section 4.3. revision: yes

  2. Referee: Section 4.2 and Fig. 11: The number of sampled points within FCC-ee sensitivity (BR(tau->3mu) >= 5e-11) is not reported and appears very small from the figure. The claim that A_T ~ 0 for these points is presented as a distinctive prediction, but its statistical significance is unclear. The authors should state the number of points in this subset and provide some measure of whether the A_T ~ 0 pattern is a robust feature or an artefact of small statistics. Footnote 11 acknowledges that alternative patterns exist but are 'statistically disfavoured (almost singular)' — in a weighted scan, 'statistically disfavoured' is a property of the sampling, not necessarily of the model. Providing the operator decomposition for the FCC-ee-reachable subset (analogous to Fig. 7 for mu->3e) would strengthen the claim.

    Authors: We agree that the number of FCC-ee-reachable points should be stated explicitly and that the operator decomposition for this subset would strengthen the claim. We will add both to the revised manuscript. Specifically, we will report the number of sampled points with BR(tau->3mu) >= 5e-11 and provide an operator decomposition plot analogous to Fig. 7, showing the relative contributions of B^V_{RR}, B^V_{LL}, K_2, and other operators for this subset. This will make clear that the A_T ~ 0 pattern is a consequence of single-operator dominance (either box or dipole) at each point, rather than a statistical artifact. Regarding the referee's important observation that 'statistically disfavoured' is a property of the sampling rather than of the model: we concede this point. We will rephrase the discussion to distinguish clearly between (i) the physical statement that A_T ~ 0 arises from operator dominance structure for the generic FCC-ee-reachable points, and (ii) the fact that points with large A_T within experimental reach do exist in the parameter space but require specific cancellations in the Casas-Ibarra parametrisation. We will avoid the term 'statistically disfavoured' in this context and instead describe these cases as requiring fine-tuned relations among the R-matrix angles, quantifying the degree of tuning where possible. revision: yes

  3. Referee: Footnote 11: The acknowledgement that points with large A_T within experimental reach exist but are 'statistically disfavoured' is important and should be promoted to the main text. As currently placed in a footnote, it risks being overlooked. The physical argument for why these cases are 'almost singular' (requiring specific cancellations in the Casas-Ibarra parametrisation) should be elaborated, and the authors should clarify whether a flavour symmetry could render these cases less fine-tuned, which would weaken the A_T ~ 0 prediction. This is directly relevant to the falsifiability claim.

    Authors: We agree that this caveat is important for the falsifiability claim and should not be relegated to a footnote. We will promote this discussion to the main text of Section 4.3 and elaborate on the physical argument. Specifically, we will explain that large A_T within experimental reach requires comparable contributions from both the dipole and the box operators (since A_T ~ Im(K_2 * A^{V*})), which in turn demands specific relations among the Casas-Ibarra R-matrix angles that simultaneously enhance both operator contributions while keeping the branching ratio within experimental bounds. These relations are 'almost singular' in the sense that they require near-cancellations among the R-matrix angles that are not generically satisfied. Regarding the question of whether a flavour symmetry could render these cases less fine-tuned: this is a pertinent observation. We will add a discussion noting that imposing a flavour symmetry (for example, a U(1)_{mu-tau} or similar structure) could in principle align the couplings in a way that makes the required interference more natural, thereby weakening the A_T ~ 0 prediction. We will explicitly state that our falsifiability claim applies to the generic (unprotected) parameter space of the T1-2-A model as defined in this work, and that a dedicated study of flavour-symmetric variants would be needed to assess whether the prediction survives such modifications. This honestly scopes the falsifiability claim. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity: the Casas-Ibarra parametrisation is an explicit input (not a disguised prediction), and all cLFV observables and asymmetries are computed outputs of the scan.

full rationale

The paper's derivation chain is self-contained against external benchmarks. The Casas-Ibarra parametrisation (Eq. 4) is used to ensure compliance with neutrino oscillation data by construction, but the paper explicitly states in Section 2.3 that 'Only neutrino oscillation data is treated as an input via the Casas-Ibarra parametrisation' and that 'all observables (flavoured rates and ratios, electric and magnetic moments) are now strictly outputs.' This is a transparent input-output separation, not a hidden circularity. The cLFV branching ratios (Eq. 15), asymmetries (Eqs. 17-19), and form factors (Appendix B) are all computed from the model's particle content and couplings via loop diagrams, not fitted to cLFV data. The self-citations to [10] (for form factor computation and EW precision observables) and [17] (for asymmetry formalism) are methodological references, not load-bearing uniqueness theorems invoked to forbid alternatives. The DE-MCMC scan explores the parameter space and evaluates observables as outputs; the weighting scheme (Section 2.3) affects sampling distribution but does not make any prediction equivalent to its inputs by construction. The tau asymmetry pattern (A_T ~ 0, |A_P| up to 90%) is a genuine output of the scan, not a fitted quantity renamed as a prediction. The only minor concern is that the Casas-Ibarra parametrisation ensures neutrino mass compliance by construction, but this is standard practice and explicitly acknowledged as an input rather than claimed as a prediction.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

9 free parameters · 6 axioms · 4 invented entities

The model introduces a substantial number of free parameters (approximately 20+ real parameters scanned by DE-MCMC), which is typical for scotogenic variants but limits the predictive power without additional theoretical constraints. The Casas-Ibarra parametrisation absorbs neutrino oscillation data by construction, so the neutrino sector is fitted rather than predicted. The cLFV observables and asymmetries are genuine outputs of the model computation, not fitted to data. The invented entities (new scalars and fermions) are standard for BSM model-building and are constrained by existing experimental data, though not directly observed.

free parameters (9)
  • alpha (trilinear S-H-eta coupling) = range [1e-2, 1e4] GeV
    Scanned over a wide range; controls dipole vs. box dominance transition
  • M_S, M_eta (scalar mass parameters) = range [sqrt(5e5), sqrt(5e6)] GeV
    New scalar masses, scanned in DE-MCMC
  • M_1, M_2 (Majorana fermion masses) = range [100, 20000] GeV
    New fermion masses, scanned in DE-MCMC
  • M_Psi (Dirac fermion mass) = range [700, 2000] GeV
    Charged fermion mass, scanned in DE-MCMC
  • lambda quartic couplings (lambda_S, lambda_eta, lambda_Seta, lambda_eta, lambda_eta', lambda_eta'') = range [1e-10, 1]
    Scalar quartic couplings, scanned in DE-MCMC
  • y_11, y_12, y_21, y_22 (Yukawa couplings) = range [1e-10, 1]
    Fermion sector Yukawa couplings, scanned in DE-MCMC
  • theta_R angles (3 complex) = |theta| in [1e-8, 1e3], arg in [0, 2pi)
    Casas-Ibarra R matrix parameters, scanned in DE-MCMC
  • g_R couplings (3 complex) = |g_R| in [1e-10, sqrt(4pi)], arg in [0, 2pi)
    Right-handed lepton couplings to new scalars, scanned in DE-MCMC
  • m_nu1 (lightest neutrino mass) = range [1e-19, 1e-10] GeV
    Input to Casas-Ibarra parametrisation, scanned in DE-MCMC
axioms (6)
  • domain assumption Normal ordering of light neutrino spectrum
    Stated in Section 2.2; inverse ordering claimed to give similar phenomenology but not explored
  • domain assumption CP conservation in the scalar sector (alpha and lambda_eta'' real)
    Stated in Appendix A.1; simplifies scalar mixing to scalar/pseudoscalar separation
  • domain assumption Z2 symmetry ensures dark matter stability and forbids tree-level neutrino masses
    Standard scotogenic model assumption, Section 2.1
  • domain assumption Perturbativity of all new couplings (g_R up to sqrt(4pi))
    Upper bound on |g_R| in Table 3; other couplings bounded by 1
  • standard math Effective operator basis of [50] is valid for computing cLFV observables
    Used throughout Section 3 and Appendix B
  • domain assumption micrOMEGAs correctly computes relic density and direct detection cross-sections for this model
    Section 2.2; used for DM constraints
invented entities (4)
  • Scalar doublet eta and real singlet S no independent evidence
    purpose: Extend scalar sector for neutrino mass generation and DM
    New fields postulated by the model; no direct collider evidence yet, but constrained by LHC searches (footnote 4)
  • Majorana fermion singlets F_1, F_2 no independent evidence
    purpose: Mediate neutrino mass loops and provide DM candidates
    New fields postulated by the model; masses constrained to [100, 20000] GeV
  • Vector-like Dirac fermion doublets Psi_1, Psi_2 no independent evidence
    purpose: Complete the fermion spectrum for the T1-2-A variant
    New fields postulated; mass constrained to [700, 2000] GeV, checked against LHC chargino/neutralino searches
  • Z2 discrete symmetry no independent evidence
    purpose: Ensure DM stability and forbid tree-level neutrino masses
    Standard model-building assumption; no independent evidence but internally consistent

pith-pipeline@v1.1.0-glm · 31785 in / 3725 out tokens · 402817 ms · 2026-07-09T09:29:11.155109+00:00 · methodology

0 comments
read the original abstract

We consider a well-motivated class of scotogenic models (the "T1-2-A" variant), and carry out a comprehensive reassessment of its prospects regarding charged lepton flavour violating (cLFV) observables. Aiming only at explaining neutrino oscillation data and putting forward a viable dark matter candidate, a thorough exploration of the model's parameter space suggests that one can have sizeable rates for cLFV observables, especially in rare muon transitions. We have further considered the role of parity and time-reversal asymmetries for cLFV 3-body decays, $\ell_\alpha^+ \to \ell_\beta^+ \ell_\gamma^+ \ell_\delta^-$, which can be potentially studied in association with polarised muon and tau decays. The new set of observables offers further complementarity information on the scotogenic model under consideration, and possible means of testing it.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.07484 by A. Darricau, A. M. Teixeira.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: One-loop diagrams contributing to neutrino masses (in the interaction basis). [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Absolute values of the couplings g α F1 (upper left), g α F2 (upper right), g α ψ (lower left), g α R (lower right) for α = e, µ, as obtained from the dedicated DE-MCMC survey of the parameter space. In all plots the colour palette is associated with the variation of the third generation coupling (α = τ ). While the distributions for the g α Fi couplings are in good agreement with previous findings (cf. [7… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Lepton-flavour violating dipole interactions for [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Lepton-flavour violating Z interactions for α ̸= β. For cLFV 3-body decays, the vector line is attached to a pair of opposite charge same flavour charged leptons (ℓ ± γ ). ℓ + γ ℓ + δ ℓ − α ℓ − β χi χj η ± η ± (a) ℓ + γ ℓ + δ ℓ − α ℓ − χ β i χj η ± η ± (b) ℓ + γ ℓ + δ ℓ − α ℓ − β χj χi η ± η ± (c) ℓ + γ ℓ + δ ℓ − α ℓ − χ β i χj η ± η ± (d) ℓ + γ ℓ + δ ℓ − α ℓ − β ψ ± ψ ± ϕk ϕl (e) ℓ + γ ℓ + δ ℓ − α ℓ − ψ ±… view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Box diagrams contributing to ℓ + α → ℓ + β ℓ + γ ℓ − δ , with i, j = 1 − 4 and k, l = 1 − 3. 3.2 Asymmetries in 3-body cLFV decays As mentioned in the Introduction, in the present study we consider all generic 3-body leptonic decays, ℓ + α → ℓ + β ℓ + γ ℓ − δ . For each, we investigated the associated asymmetries, which include P-, P ′ - and T-asymmetries, as well as forward-backward asymmetries. The 3-bod… view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: cLFV prospects for the “T1-2-A” scotogenic realisation: on the upper row, BR( [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Contributions of different operators to the rates for [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p013_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Joint prospects for µ → 3e asymmetries (left panels) and for τ → 3µ asymmetries (right panels). All points displayed are in agreement with current experimental bounds; the coloured (grey) points are within (beyond) future sensitivity for the decays under consideration. The red line corre￾sponds to the maximal values for the asymmetries. As expected, while AP ranges up to ±1 (independently of the flavour of… view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Projected values of the T asymmetry for µ → 3e decays vs. the invariant |Iµe ψRF1 | (see Eq. (20)). All displayed points satisfy current experimental constraints. 4.3 Overview To conclude the study of cLFV observables in the “T1-2-A” scotogenic realisation, in what follows we carry out an overview of the joint prospects for the cLFV rates and T-asymmetries in 3-body decays. Figures 10 and 11 summarise our … view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Overview of the T-asymmetry in association with µ → 3e decays. On the left, projections for A µ→3e T in the plane spanned by BR(µ → 3e) and BR(µ → eγ); on the right, by CR(µ − e, Al) and BR(µ → eγ). The blue-coloured bands denote regimes for the maximal possible absolute value of the T asymmetry. Grey and grey-dashed regions correspond to exclusion due to conflict with experimental bounds. Horizontal and … view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Projected values for the T-asymmetry in association with τ → 3µ decays, displayed in the plane spanned by BR(τ → 3µ) and BR(τ → µγ). Line and colour code as [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_11.png] view at source ↗

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

39 extracted references · 39 canonical work pages · 34 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    Radiative Seesaw Mechanism at Weak Scale

    Z.-j. Tao,Radiative seesaw mechanism at weak scale,Phys. Rev. D54(1996) 5693 [hep-ph/9603309]

  2. [2]

    Verifiable Radiative Seesaw Mechanism of Neutrino Mass and Dark Matter

    E. Ma,Verifiable radiative seesaw mechanism of neutrino mass and dark matter,Phys. Rev. D73(2006) 077301 [hep-ph/0601225]

  3. [3]

    Scotogenic Inverse Seesaw Model of Neutrino Mass

    S. Fraser, E. Ma and O. Popov,Scotogenic Inverse Seesaw Model of Neutrino Mass,Phys. Lett. B737 (2014) 280 [1408.4785]

  4. [4]

    Models with radiative neutrino masses and viable dark matter candidates

    D. Restrepo, O. Zapata and C.E. Yaguna,Models with radiative neutrino masses and viable dark matter candidates,JHEP11(2013) 011 [1308.3655]

  5. [5]

    Dark matter and lepton flavour phenomenology in a singlet-doublet scotogenic model

    M. Sarazin, J. Bernigaud and B. Herrmann,Dark matter and lepton flavour phenomenology in a singlet-doublet scotogenic model,JHEP12(2021) 116 [2107.04613]

  6. [6]

    The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model

    T. Aoyama et al.,The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model,Phys. Rept.887 (2020) 1 [2006.04822]

  7. [7]

    Accommodating muon $\boldsymbol{(g-2)}$ and leptogenesis in a scotogenic model

    A. Alvarez, A. Banik, R. Cepedello, B. Herrmann, W. Porod, M. Sarazin et al.,Accommodating muon (g −2) and leptogenesis in a scotogenic model,JHEP06(2023) 163 [2301.08485]

  8. [8]

    Charged Lepton Flavour Violation: An Experimental and Theoretical Introduction

    L. Calibbi and G. Signorelli,Charged Lepton Flavour Violation: An Experimental and Theoretical Introduction,Riv. Nuovo Cim.41(2018) 71 [1709.00294]

  9. [9]

    Lepton Flavor Violation in the Scotogenic Model

    T. Toma and A. Vicente,Lepton Flavor Violation in the Scotogenic Model,JHEP01(2014) 160 [1312.2840]

  10. [10]

    Flavour and precision probes of a class of scotogenic models

    A. Darricau, H. Lee, J. Orloff and A.M. Teixeira,Flavour and precision probes of a class of scotogenic models,Eur. Phys. J. C85(2025) 1234 [2506.23383]

  11. [11]

    The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model: an update

    R. Aliberti et al.,The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model: an update,Phys. Rept.1143(2025) 1 [2505.21476]. [12]Muon g-2collaboration,Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 127 ppb, Phys. Rev. Lett.135(2025) 101802 [2506.03069]

  12. [12]

    LFV Higgs and $Z$-boson decays: leptonic CPV phases and CP asymmetries

    A. Abada, J. Kriewald, E. Pinsard, S. Rosauro-Alcaraz and A.M. Teixeira,LFV Higgs and Z-boson decays: leptonic CPV phases and CP asymmetries,Eur. Phys. J. C83(2023) 494 [2207.10109]

  13. [13]

    T. Goto, Y. Okada and Y. Yamamoto,Tau and muon lepton flavor violations in the littlest Higgs model with T-parity,Phys. Rev. D83(2011) 053011 [1012.4385]

  14. [14]

    Measurements of $\mu\to 3e$ Decay with Polarised Muons as a Probe of New Physics

    P.D. Bolton and S.T. Petcov,Measurements ofµ→3e decay with polarised muons as a probe of new physics,Phys. Lett. B833(2022) 137296 [2204.03468]

  15. [15]

    Large CP violation in flavor violating muon decays

    D. Redigolo, M. Tammaro and A. Tesi,Large CP violation in flavor violating muon decays,Eur. Phys. J. C85(2025) 103 [2408.00847]. 24

  16. [16]

    Darricau, J

    A. Darricau, J. Kriewald and A.M. Teixeira,Exploring asymmetries in three-body cLFV lepton decays: probing CP violation in HNL extensions of the SM,JHEP03(2026) 263 [2512.05032]. [18]Mu3ecollaboration,Technical design of the phase I Mu3e experiment,Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A1014 (2021) 165679 [2009.11690]

  17. [17]

    Hagiwara, A.D

    K. Hagiwara, A.D. Martin and D. Zeppenfeld,Tau Polarization Measurements at LEP and SLC,Phys. Lett. B235(1990) 198

  18. [18]

    Alemany, N

    R. Alemany, N. Rius, J. Bernabeu, J.J. Gomez-Cadenas and A. Pich,Tau polarization at the Z peak from the acollinearity between both tau decay products,Nucl. Phys. B379(1992) 3

  19. [19]

    Oscillating neutrinos and mu --> e, gamma

    J.A. Casas and A. Ibarra,Oscillating neutrinos andµ→e, γ,Nucl. Phys. B618(2001) 171 [hep-ph/0103065]

  20. [20]

    Proposal for generalised Supersymmetry Les Houches Accord for see-saw models and PDG numbering scheme

    L. Basso, A. Belyaev, D. Chowdhury, M. Hirsch, S. Khalil, S. Moretti et al.,Proposal for generalised Supersymmetry Les Houches Accord for see-saw models and PDG numbering scheme,Comput. Phys. Commun.184(2013) 698 [1206.4563]

  21. [21]

    NuFit-6.0: Updated global analysis of three-flavor neutrino oscillations

    I. Esteban, M.C. Gonzalez-Garcia, M. Maltoni, I. Martinez-Soler, J.P. Pinheiro and T. Schwetz, NuFit-6.0: updated global analysis of three-flavor neutrino oscillations,JHEP12(2024) 216 [2410.05380]

  22. [22]

    micrOMEGAs 6.0: N-component dark matter

    G. Alguero, G. Belanger, F. Boudjema, S. Chakraborti, A. Goudelis, S. Kraml et al.,micrOMEGAs 6.0: N-component dark matter,Comput. Phys. Commun.299(2024) 109133 [2312.14894]. [25]LZcollaboration,First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment,Phys. Rev. Lett.131(2023) 041002 [2207.03764]. [26]ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, SLD, LEP Electrow...

  23. [23]

    Higher-order electroweak corrections to the partial widths and branching ratios of the Z boson

    A. Freitas,Higher-order electroweak corrections to the partial widths and branching ratios of the Z boson, JHEP04(2014) 070 [1401.2447]. [28]Particle Data Groupcollaboration,Review of particle physics,Phys. Rev. D110(2024) 030001. [29]LHC Higgs Cross Section Working Groupcollaboration,Handbook of LHC Higgs Cross Sections:

  24. [24]

    Handbook of LHC Higgs Cross Sections: 4. Deciphering the Nature of the Higgs Sector

    Deciphering the Nature of the Higgs Sector,CERN Yellow Rep. Monogr.2(2017) 1 [1610.07922]

  25. [25]

    Standard Model Higgs-Boson Branching Ratios with Uncertainties

    A. Denner, S. Heinemeyer, I. Puljak, D. Rebuzzi and M. Spira,Standard Model Higgs-Boson Branching Ratios with Uncertainties,Eur. Phys. J. C71(2011) 1753 [1107.5909]

  26. [26]

    de Souza, N.F

    F.A. de Souza, N.F. Castro, M. Crispim Rom˜ ao and W. Porod,Exploring scotogenic parameter spaces and mapping uncharted dark matter phenomenology with multi-objective search algorithms,JHEP10 (2025) 116 [2505.08862]. [32]ATLAScollaboration,ATLAS Run 2 searches for electroweak production of supersymmetric particles interpreted within the pMSSM,JHEP05(2024)...

  27. [27]

    Research Proposal for an Experiment to Search for the Decay {\mu} -> eee

    A. Blondel et al.,Research Proposal for an Experiment to Search for the Decayµ→eee,1301.6113

  28. [28]

    Search for Lepton Flavor Violating Tau Decays into Three Leptons with 719 Million Produced Tau+Tau- Pairs

    K. Hayasaka et al.,Search for Lepton Flavor Violating Tau Decays into Three Leptons with 719 Million Produced Tau+Tau- Pairs,Phys. Lett. B687(2010) 139 [1001.3221]. [41]Belle-IIcollaboration,Search for lepton-flavor-violatingτ −→µ −µ+µ− decays at Belle II,JHEP09 (2024) 062 [2405.07386]. 25

  29. [29]

    Achasov et al.,STCF conceptual design report (Volume 1): Physics & detector,Front

    M. Achasov et al.,STCF conceptual design report (Volume 1): Physics & detector,Front. Phys. (Beijing) 19(2024) 14701 [2303.15790]. [43]FCCcollaboration,FCC Physics Opportunities: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 1,Eur. Phys. J. C79(2019) 474. [44]SINDRUM IIcollaboration,A Search for muon to electron conversion in muonic gold,Eur. P...

  30. [30]

    Lepton flavor violation in low-scale seesaw models: SUSY and non-SUSY contributions

    A. Abada, M.E. Krauss, W. Porod, F. Staub, A. Vicente and C. Weiland,Lepton flavor violation in low-scale seesaw models: SUSY and non-SUSY contributions,JHEP11(2014) 048 [1408.0138]

  31. [31]

    Probing the scotogenic model with lepton flavor violating processes

    A. Vicente and C.E. Yaguna,Probing the scotogenic model with lepton flavor violating processes,JHEP 02(2015) 144 [1412.2545]

  32. [32]

    Lepton Flavor Violation in the singlet-triplet scotogenic model

    P. Rocha-Moran and A. Vicente,Lepton Flavor Violation in the singlet-triplet scotogenic model,JHEP 07(2016) 078 [1605.01915]

  33. [33]

    Lepton flavor violation and leptogenesis in discrete flavor symmetric scotogenic model

    B.B. Boruah, L. Sarma and M.K. Das,Lepton flavor violation and leptogenesis in discrete flavor symmetric scotogenic model,2103.05295

  34. [34]

    D.W. Kang, J. Kim and H. Okada,Muon g−2 in U(1)µ−τsymmetric gauged radiative neutrino mass model,Phys. Lett. B822(2021) 136666 [2107.09960]

  35. [35]

    Scotogenic $U(1)_{L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}}$ origin of $(g-2)_\mu$, W-mass anomaly and 95 GeV excess

    D. Borah, S. Mahapatra, P.K. Paul and N. Sahu,Scotogenic U(1)Lµ-Lτorigin of (g-2)µ, W-mass anomaly and 95 GeV excess,Phys. Rev. D109(2024) 055021 [2310.11953]. [56]Belle-IIcollaboration,The Belle II Physics Book,PTEP2019(2019) 123C01 [1808.10567]

  36. [36]

    Spin correlations in $\tau$-lepton pair production due to anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments

    S. Banerjee, A.Y. Korchin and Z. Was,Spin correlations inτ-lepton pair production due to anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments,Phys. Rev. D106(2022) 113010 [2209.06047]

  37. [37]

    Low-Scale Leptogenesis in the Scotogenic Neutrino Mass Model

    T. Hugle, M. Platscher and K. Schmitz,Low-Scale Leptogenesis in the Scotogenic Neutrino Mass Model, Phys. Rev. D98(2018) 023020 [1804.09660]

  38. [38]

    Detailed calculation of lepton flavor violating muon-electron conversion rate for various nuclei

    R. Kitano, M. Koike and Y. Okada,Detailed calculation of lepton flavor violating muon electron conversion rate for various nuclei,Phys. Rev. D66(2002) 096002 [hep-ph/0203110]

  39. [39]

    Muon-electron conversion in strange quark sea

    T.S. Kosmas, S. Kovalenko and I. Schmidt,Nuclear muon- e- conversion in strange quark sea,Phys. Lett. B511(2001) 203 [hep-ph/0102101]. 26