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Images of a fourth planet orbiting HR 8799

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arxiv 1011.4918 v1 pith:5T3XRYSX submitted 2010-11-22 astro-ph.EP

Images of a fourth planet orbiting HR 8799

classification astro-ph.EP
keywords planetsplanetformationgiantfourfourthgravitationalimages
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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High-contrast near-infrared imaging of the nearby star HR 8799 has shown three giant planets. Such images were possible due to the wide orbits (> 25 AU) and youth (< 100 Myr) of the imaged planets, which are still hot and bright as they radiate away gravitational energy acquired during their formation. A major area of contention in the extrasolar planet community is whether outer planets (> 10 AU) more massive than Jupiter form via one-step gravitational instabilities or, rather, via a two-step process involving accretion of a core followed by accumulation of a massive outer envelope composed primarily of hydrogen and helium. Here we report the presence of a fourth planet, interior to and about the same mass as the other three. The system, with this additional planet, represents a challenge for current planet formation models as none of them can explain the in situ formation of all four planets. With its four young giant planets and known cold/warm debris belts, the HR 8799 planetary system is a unique laboratory to study the formation and evolution of giant planets at wide > 10 AU separations.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

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