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Compact body in a tidal environment: New types of relativistic Love numbers, and a post-Newtonian operational definition for tidally induced multipole moments

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arxiv 2012.10184 v2 pith:5YH32C52 submitted 2020-12-18 gr-qc

Compact body in a tidal environment: New types of relativistic Love numbers, and a post-Newtonian operational definition for tidally induced multipole moments

classification gr-qc
keywords tidalbodymetricfieldlovemomentsmultipolecompact
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We examine the tidal deformation of a nonrotating compact body (material body or black hole) in general relativity. The body's exterior metric is calculated in a simultaneous expansion in powers of the ratio between the distance to the body and three distinct length scales: the radius of curvature of the external spacetime in which the body is inserted, the scale of spatial inhomogeneity of the curvature, and the scale of temporal variation. The metric is valid in the body's immediate neighborhood, which excludes the external matter responsible for the tidal environment. The body's tidal response is encapsulated in four types of relativistic Love numbers: $k_\ell$, the familiar Love number that measures the linear response to a static tidal field, $p_\ell$, which measures the quadratic response to the tidal field, $\dot{k}_\ell$ and $\ddot{k}_\ell$, associated with first and second time derivatives of the tidal field, respectively. The Love numbers acquire an operational meaning through the definition of tidally induced multipole moments. Previously proposed definitions for the moments suffer from ambiguities associated with the subtraction of a "pure tidal field" from the full metric. A robust operational definition is proposed here. It relies on inserting the body's local metric within a global metric constructed in post-Newtonian theory; the global metric includes the external matter responsible for the tidal environment. When viewed in the post-Newtonian spacetime, the compact body appears as a skeletonized object with a specific multipole structure. The tidally induced multipole moments provide a description of this structure. They manifest themselves, for example, in the body's tidal acceleration, which is nonlinear in the tidal field. At leading order in the tidal interaction, the acceleration is proportional to the $k_2$ Love number as calculated in full general relativity.

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Cited by 11 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Dynamical Tidal Response of Neutron Stars: from Effective Field Theory to Gravitational Waveforms

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    Complete leading-order dynamical tidal corrections to neutron-star binaries are derived in EFT, showing dynamical Love numbers enhanced relative to static ones and yielding measurable contributions to the GW phase at ...

  2. Dynamical Tidal Response of Schwarzschild Black Holes

    gr-qc 2025-11 conditional novelty 7.0

    The dynamical Love numbers of a Schwarzschild black hole are nonzero at quadratic order in frequency, run logarithmically with a coefficient set by dissipation, and are now matched including their finite, scheme-depen...

  3. Resummation of Universal Tails in Gravitational Waveforms

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    A universal anomalous dimension for multipole moments in GR is derived via two EFT methods and applied to resum short-distance logarithmic tails in binary gravitational waveforms.

  4. The Good, the Bad, and the Subtle: Relativistic mode sums for neutron-star tidal response

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A practical relativistic mode-sum method for neutron-star tidal response is implemented, with robust f-mode agreement to direct matching but acknowledged limitations in convergence and tidal field uniqueness.

  5. Tidal Response and Thermodynamics of Black Holes

    hep-th 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A new gauge-invariant effective action computes black hole Love numbers without Regge-Wheeler methods, and these numbers determine leading thermodynamic corrections under external perturbations.

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    gr-qc 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.0

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    gr-qc 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Increasing tidal deformation around a black hole drives bound geodesics through weak chaos, plunging, unbinding, and eventual depletion of all bound motion, with semi-analytic critical amplitudes for each transition.

  8. Universal Relations with Dynamical Tides

    gr-qc 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    New quasi-universal relations connect static tidal deformability Λ⁰ to its dynamical correction Λ² and to Mω* with equation-of-state scatter below 5% and 2.8% respectively across 59 models.

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    cs.CV 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 5.0

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    gr-qc 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Renormalized dynamical tidal response functions for non-rotating black holes in GR carry inevitable ambiguities from renormalization scheme and flow initial condition, yielding scheme-dependent dynamical tidal Love nu...

  11. Love numbers of black holes and compact objects

    gr-qc 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    A pedagogical review of Love numbers and tidal responses for black holes and compact objects in general relativity and extensions.