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arxiv 2503.03601 v1 pith:6CUQEXHM submitted 2025-03-05 cs.CL cs.ITmath.IT

Feature-Level Insights into Artificial Text Detection with Sparse Autoencoders

classification cs.CL cs.ITmath.IT
keywords llmstextartificialautoencodersdetectionfeaturesinsightsinterpretability
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Artificial Text Detection (ATD) is becoming increasingly important with the rise of advanced Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite numerous efforts, no single algorithm performs consistently well across different types of unseen text or guarantees effective generalization to new LLMs. Interpretability plays a crucial role in achieving this goal. In this study, we enhance ATD interpretability by using Sparse Autoencoders (SAE) to extract features from Gemma-2-2b residual stream. We identify both interpretable and efficient features, analyzing their semantics and relevance through domain- and model-specific statistics, a steering approach, and manual or LLM-based interpretation. Our methods offer valuable insights into how texts from various models differ from human-written content. We show that modern LLMs have a distinct writing style, especially in information-dense domains, even though they can produce human-like outputs with personalized prompts.

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  1. LLM Self-Recognition: Steering and Retrieving Activation Signatures

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    Steering LLM residual streams with random sparse vectors creates detectable self-recognition fingerprints that enable over 98% accurate attribution of generated text to specific models without degrading output quality.