Skew Constacyclic Codes Of Length np^s over frac{mathbb{F}_(p^m)[u]}{langle u^k rangle}
Pith reviewed 2026-05-19 19:33 UTC · model grok-4.3
The pith
Skew constacyclic codes of length np^s over the ring R_k reduce to skew polycyclic codes of length jl associated with a central irreducible divisor f(x)^j of x^{np^s} - λ.
A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.
Core claim
Skew constacyclic codes of length np^s over R_k reduce to the study of skew polycyclic codes of length jl associated with a central irreducible divisor f(x)^j of x^{np^s} - λ. For λ in F_{p^m} the left ideals of the quotient R_k[x; Θ]/<f(x)^j> can be classified completely under suitable conditions on Θ, yielding an isomorphism between skew cyclic and skew constacyclic codes; the same framework supplies complete case-by-case factorizations and ideal descriptions for the special lengths 3p^s and 6p^s.
What carries the argument
The central irreducible divisor f(x) of degree l and multiplicity j in the skew polynomial ring R_k[x; Θ], whose power f(x)^j generates the quotient ring whose left ideals correspond exactly to the skew constacyclic codes.
If this is right
- All left ideals of R_k[x; Θ]/<f(x)^j> are enumerated when λ lies in the base field, giving an explicit description of every skew constacyclic code.
- An explicit ring isomorphism maps skew cyclic codes onto skew constacyclic codes under the stated conditions on Θ.
- Complete factorizations of x^{3p^s} - λ, x^{6p^s} - 1 and x^{6p^s} + 1 yield all ideals for those lengths.
- Families of codes attaining optimal parameters are constructed via the ideal correspondence.
Where Pith is reading between the lines
- The reduction may extend to other chain rings or to non-central divisors, allowing similar classifications without requiring centrality.
- The isomorphism between cyclic and constacyclic families suggests that distance bounds or decoding algorithms developed for one family transfer directly to the other.
- For large s the smaller quotient ring of degree jl offers a practical route to exhaustive search that would be intractable on the original length np^s.
Load-bearing premise
A central irreducible divisor f(x) of degree l and multiplicity j must exist in R_k[x; Θ] such that the left ideal lattice of the quotient by f(x)^j is identical to the lattice of skew constacyclic codes.
What would settle it
For concrete p, m, k, n, s and a chosen automorphism Θ, compute the left ideals in R_k[x; Θ]/<f(x)^j> and check whether they fail to match the set of all skew constacyclic codes of length np^s over R_k; or verify that no such central irreducible f(x) divides x^{np^s} - λ for some invertible λ.
read the original abstract
Let $\mathbb{F}_{p^m}$ be the field containing $p^m$ elements where $p$ is an odd prime and $m \in \mathbb{N}$. In this article, we propose a unified approach to the study of skew constacyclic codes of length $np^s$ over the ring $R_k = \mathbb{F}_{p^m}[u]/\langle u^k \rangle,$ where $n, s, k \in \mathbb{N}$ and $\gcd(n, p)=1$. Consider the skew polynomial ring $R_k[x;\Theta]$, where $\Theta$ is an automorphism of $R_k$ such that $xa = \Theta(a)x$ for all $a \in R_k$. Let $f(x)$ be a central irreducible divisor of $x^{np^s} - \lambda$ of degree $l$ and multiplicity $j$ in $R_k[x;\Theta]$, where $\lambda $ is an invertible element in $R_k$. In this article, we study skew constacyclic codes of length \(np^s\) over \(R_k\), which reduces to the study of skew polycyclic codes of length $jl$ associated with a polynomial \(f(x)^j\). Using the fact that skew polycyclic codes associated with a polynomial \(f(x)^j\) can be described by the left ideal structure of the quotient ring $R_k[x;\Theta]/\langle f(x)^{j}\rangle$, we investigate this class of codes for specific choices of $\Theta$. In particular, if $\lambda$ is an invertible element of $\mathbb{F}_{p^m}$, we classify all left ideals and establish an isomorphism between skew cyclic and skew constacyclic codes, under suitable conditions. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive analysis of skew constacyclic codes of length $3p^s$ over $R_k$. Finally, we examine skew cyclic and skew negacyclic codes of length $6p^s$ over $R_k$ using the factorization of $x^{6p^s} - 1$ and $x^{6p^s} + 1$, respectively; with a complete case-by-case analysis. Examples demonstrating codes with optimal parameters are also included.
Editorial analysis
A structured set of objections, weighed in public.
Referee Report
Summary. The manuscript proposes a unified approach to the study of skew constacyclic codes of length np^s over the chain ring R_k = F_{p^m}[u]/<u^k> (gcd(n,p)=1) in the skew polynomial ring R_k[x; Θ]. It reduces these codes to skew polycyclic codes of length jl associated with a central irreducible divisor f(x)^j of x^{np^s} - λ, classifies left ideals in the quotient R_k[x; Θ]/<f(x)^j> for specific Θ when λ lies in the base field F_{p^m}, establishes an isomorphism between skew cyclic and skew constacyclic codes under suitable conditions, and supplies a complete case-by-case analysis for lengths 3p^s and 6p^s together with examples of codes attaining optimal parameters.
Significance. If the reductions and classifications hold, the work supplies a systematic framework for constructing and classifying skew constacyclic codes over finite chain rings, extending existing results on skew cyclic codes and yielding explicit isomorphisms and ideal lattices that may aid the design of codes with good distance properties. The concrete analyses for small multipliers (3 and 6) and the reported optimal-parameter examples add immediate utility.
major comments (2)
- [Abstract] Abstract (paragraph on reduction to polycyclic codes): The central reduction of skew constacyclic codes of length np^s to left ideals in R_k[x; Θ]/<f(x)^j> presupposes the existence of a central irreducible divisor f(x) of degree l and multiplicity j. While the text restricts to specific Θ and λ ∈ F_{p^m}, no explicit existence theorem, construction, or factorization algorithm is indicated that guarantees such an f for arbitrary n coprime to p; this assumption is load-bearing for all subsequent classification and isomorphism statements.
- [Analysis for length 6p^s] Section on length 6p^s (factorization of x^{6p^s} - 1 and x^{6p^s} + 1): The case-by-case analysis must verify that each factor remains central under the chosen automorphism Θ so that the left ideal lattice of the quotient precisely captures the constacyclic codes; without this verification the isomorphism claims for negacyclic codes may not hold uniformly.
minor comments (2)
- [Introduction] The phrase 'suitable conditions on Θ' appears in the abstract and introduction; these conditions should be stated explicitly (e.g., as a numbered list or proposition) at the first occurrence to improve readability.
- Notation for the automorphism Θ and the ring R_k should be introduced with a single consistent definition before the first use of the skew polynomial ring.
Simulated Author's Rebuttal
We thank the referee for the positive assessment of our work and for the detailed comments that will help improve the clarity of the manuscript. We respond to each major comment below.
read point-by-point responses
-
Referee: The central reduction of skew constacyclic codes of length np^s to left ideals in R_k[x; Θ]/<f(x)^j> presupposes the existence of a central irreducible divisor f(x) of degree l and multiplicity j. While the text restricts to specific Θ and λ ∈ F_{p^m}, no explicit existence theorem, construction, or factorization algorithm is indicated that guarantees such an f for arbitrary n coprime to p; this assumption is load-bearing for all subsequent classification and isomorphism statements.
Authors: We acknowledge that the reduction relies on the existence of such central irreducible divisors. The manuscript develops a general framework for when these divisors exist and then provides explicit analyses for the cases n=3 and n=6, where the factorizations of x^{np^s} - λ are explicitly constructed under the chosen automorphisms. For arbitrary n, a complete factorization algorithm is not provided as it is beyond the scope and would depend on the specific n and Θ. We will revise the abstract to clarify that the approach applies to lengths where such central divisors can be identified, and add references to existing results on skew polynomial factorizations over finite chain rings to support the assumption in the specific cases considered. revision: partial
-
Referee: The case-by-case analysis must verify that each factor remains central under the chosen automorphism Θ so that the left ideal lattice of the quotient precisely captures the constacyclic codes; without this verification the isomorphism claims for negacyclic codes may not hold uniformly.
Authors: We agree with the need for explicit verification. In the section on length 6p^s, the automorphisms Θ are chosen so that they are compatible with the coefficients in the factorization of x^{6p^s} ± 1, making the factors central. To make this transparent, we will add a lemma or proposition in the revised version that explicitly shows for each irreducible factor g(x) in the factorization, that Θ(g(a)) = g(Θ(a)) or the appropriate commutation relation holds, ensuring centrality in R_k[x; Θ]. This will confirm that the left ideals correspond precisely to the skew constacyclic codes. revision: yes
Circularity Check
No circularity: reduction to polycyclic codes is a standard methodological assumption, not a self-referential derivation
full rationale
The paper posits the existence of a central irreducible divisor f(x) of x^{np^s} - λ and states that the constacyclic codes reduce to left ideals in the quotient R_k[x;Θ]/⟨f(x)^j⟩. This is presented as a definitional setup for the class under study (with the assumption made explicit for specific Θ and λ in F_{p^m}), followed by direct classification of ideals and isomorphisms. No step equates a derived quantity to a fitted parameter or prior self-citation by construction; the ideal-lattice description is invoked as an external ring-theoretic fact rather than re-derived from the paper's own outputs. The case-by-case analysis for lengths 3p^s and 6p^s proceeds from explicit factorizations without looping back to the initial reduction.
Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger
axioms (2)
- standard math The skew polynomial ring R_k[x; Θ] is defined by the relation xa = Θ(a)x for an automorphism Θ of R_k.
- domain assumption Central irreducible divisors of x^{np^s} - λ exist in R_k[x; Θ] and determine the ideal structure of the quotient.
Reference graph
Works this paper leans on
-
[1]
Finite rings with identity , author=
-
[2]
Elementary Number Theory , author =
-
[3]
Chahal, S. and Maheshwary, S. , TITLE =. Finite Fields Appl. , FJOURNAL =. 2025 , PAGES =
work page 2025
-
[4]
Hesari, R.M. and Samei, K. , TITLE =. Finite Fields Appl. , FJOURNAL =. 2023 , PAGES =
work page 2023
- [5]
-
[6]
Boucher, D. and Geiselmann, W. and Ulmer, F. , TITLE =. Appl. Algebra Engrg. Comm. Comput. , FJOURNAL =. 2007 , NUMBER =
work page 2007
-
[7]
Chen, B. and Dinh, H.Q. and Liu, H. and Wang, L. , TITLE =. Finite Fields Appl. , FJOURNAL =. 2016 , PAGES =
work page 2016
-
[8]
Dinh, H.Q. and Dhompongsa, S. and Sriboonchitta, S. , TITLE =. Discrete Math. , FJOURNAL =. 2017 , NUMBER =
work page 2017
- [9]
- [10]
-
[11]
Cyclic codes of length n over finite chain rings , author=. 2025 , eprint=
work page 2025
-
[12]
Skew polycyclic over finite chain rings associated to trinomials , author=. 2026 , eprint=
work page 2026
-
[13]
Hesari, R.M. and Mohebbei, M. and Rezaei, R. and Samei, K. , TITLE =. Commun. Korean Math. Soc. , FJOURNAL =. 2024 , NUMBER =
work page 2024
-
[14]
Jitman, S. and Ling, S. and Udomkavanich, P. , TITLE =. Adv. Math. Commun. , FJOURNAL =. 2012 , NUMBER =
work page 2012
- [15]
- [16]
-
[17]
Pathak, S. and Raj, R. and Maity, D. , TITLE =. Cryptogr. Commun. , FJOURNAL =. 2025 , NUMBER =
work page 2025
-
[18]
Zhao, W. and Tang, X. and Gu, Z. , TITLE =. Finite Fields Appl. , FJOURNAL =. 2018 , PAGES =
work page 2018
-
[19]
Bagheri, S. and Hesari, R.M.and Rezaei, H. and Samei, K. , TITLE =. Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. A Sci. , FJOURNAL =. 2022 , NUMBER =
work page 2022
-
[20]
Hesari, R.M. and Samei, K. , TITLE =. Iran. J. Sci. , FJOURNAL =. 2026 , NUMBER =
work page 2026
-
[21]
Cao, Y. and Cao, Y. and Dinh, H.Q. and Fu, F.W. and Gao, Jian and Sriboonchitta, Songsak , TITLE =. Adv. Math. Commun. , FJOURNAL =. 2018 , NUMBER =
work page 2018
-
[22]
Bosma, W. and Cannon, J. and Playoust, C. , TITLE=. Journal of Symbolic Computation , VOLUME=. 1997 , NUMBER=
work page 1997
- [23]
- [24]
-
[25]
D. Boucher, W. Geiselmann, and F. Ulmer, Skew-cyclic codes, Appl. Algebra Engrg. Comm. Comput. 18 (2007), no. 4, 379--389
work page 2007
-
[26]
S. Bagheri, H. Hesari, R.M.and Rezaei, and K. Samei, Skew cyclic codes of length p^s over F_ p^m + u F_ p^m , Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. A Sci. 46 (2022), no. 5, 1469--1475
work page 2022
-
[27]
Skew polycyclic over finite chain rings associated to trinomials
M. Bajalan, E. Martínez-Moro, and H. Ou-azzou, Skew polycyclic over finite chain rings associated to trinomials, 2026, (preprint), arXiv:2605.03164 [math.GR]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2026
-
[28]
Burton, Elementary number theory, McGraw-Hill, 2010
D.M. Burton, Elementary number theory, McGraw-Hill, 2010
work page 2010
-
[29]
Y. Cao, Y. Cao, H.Q. Dinh, F.W. Fu, Jian Gao, and Songsak Sriboonchitta, Constacyclic codes of length np^s over F_ p^m +u F_ p^m , Adv. Math. Commun. 12 (2018), no. 2, 231--262
work page 2018
- [30]
-
[31]
H.Q. Dinh, S. Dhompongsa, and S. Sriboonchitta, On constacyclic codes of length 4p^s over F _ p^m +u F _ p^m , Discrete Math. 340 (2017), no. 4, 832--849
work page 2017
-
[32]
Dinh, Constacyclic codes of length p^s over F_ p^m +u F_ p^m , J
H.Q. Dinh, Constacyclic codes of length p^s over F_ p^m +u F_ p^m , J. Algebra 324 (2010), no. 5, 940--950
work page 2010
-
[33]
, Structure of repeated-root constacyclic codes of length 3p^s and their duals , Discrete Math. 313 (2013), no. 9, 983--991
work page 2013
-
[34]
, Repeated-root cyclic and negacyclic codes of length 6p^s , Ring theory and its applications, Contemp. Math., vol. 609, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2014, pp. 69--87
work page 2014
- [35]
-
[36]
R.M. Hesari and K. Samei, Skew constacyclic codes of lengths p^s and 2p^s over F_ p^m + u F _ p^m , Finite Fields Appl. 91 (2023), Paper No. 102269, 30
work page 2023
-
[37]
, Skew constacyclic codes of length p^s over F_ p^m +u F_ p^m +u^2 F _ p^m , Iran. J. Sci. 50 (2026), no. 1, 265--278
work page 2026
- [38]
-
[39]
B.R McDonald, Finite rings with identity, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1974
work page 1974
- [40]
-
[41]
W. Zhao, X. Tang, and Z. Gu, All +u -constacyclic codes of length np^s over F_ p^m +u F_ p^m , Finite Fields Appl. 50 (2018), 1--16
work page 2018
discussion (0)
Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.