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AlphaOne: Reasoning Models Thinking Slow and Fast at Test Time

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arxiv 2505.24863 v1 pith:7OXKREG2 submitted 2025-05-30 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords alphareasoningthinkingmomentslowalphaonefastmodels
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

This paper presents AlphaOne ($\alpha$1), a universal framework for modulating reasoning progress in large reasoning models (LRMs) at test time. $\alpha$1 first introduces $\alpha$ moment, which represents the scaled thinking phase with a universal parameter $\alpha$. Within this scaled pre-$\alpha$ moment phase, it dynamically schedules slow thinking transitions by modeling the insertion of reasoning transition tokens as a Bernoulli stochastic process. After the $\alpha$ moment, $\alpha$1 deterministically terminates slow thinking with the end-of-thinking token, thereby fostering fast reasoning and efficient answer generation. This approach unifies and generalizes existing monotonic scaling methods by enabling flexible and dense slow-to-fast reasoning modulation. Extensive empirical studies on various challenging benchmarks across mathematical, coding, and scientific domains demonstrate $\alpha$1's superior reasoning capability and efficiency. Project page: https://alphaone-project.github.io/

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Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Risky Business: Measuring The Faithfulness-Safety Tension

    cs.AI 2026-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

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  2. Post Reasoning: Improving the Performance of Non-Thinking Models at No Cost

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    Post-Reasoning boosts LLM accuracy by reversing the usual answer-after-reasoning order, delivering mean relative gains of 17.37% across 117 model-benchmark pairs with zero extra cost.

  3. Small RL Controller, Large Language Model: RL-Guided Adaptive Sampling for Test-Time Scaling

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    RL-trained lightweight controller using answer statistics improves trade-offs among correctness, latency, and total samples in adaptive sampling for LLM test-time scaling.

  4. Does Theory of Mind Improvement Really Benefit Human-AI Interactions? Empirical Findings from Interactive Evaluations

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    Improvements in LLM Theory of Mind on static benchmarks do not reliably improve performance in dynamic, first-person human-AI interactions across goal-oriented and experience-oriented tasks.

  5. Retrieval-of-Thought: Efficient Reasoning via Reusing Thoughts

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    Retrieval-of-Thought organizes prior reasoning into a thought graph for retrieval and reward-guided recombination, reducing output tokens by up to 40% and latency by 82% while preserving accuracy on reasoning benchmarks.

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    cs.CL 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    DiffAdapt detects problem difficulty via entropy in reasoning traces and applies one of three fixed inference strategies per question, cutting token usage up to 22.4% with comparable or better accuracy across five mod...

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    A survey organizing techniques to achieve efficient reasoning in LLMs by shortening chain-of-thought outputs.

  8. Reinforcement Learning Meets Large Language Models: A Survey of Advancements and Applications Across the LLM Lifecycle

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