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Unveiling the Key Factors for Distilling Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

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arxiv 2502.18001 v3 pith:7WHYFJWJ submitted 2025-02-25 cs.CL

Unveiling the Key Factors for Distilling Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

classification cs.CL
keywords modelsreasoningslmsllmsstudentteacherbetterchain-of-thought
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in reasoning tasks through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. However, CoT prompting greatly increases computational demands, which has prompted growing interest in distilling CoT capabilities into Small Language Models (SLMs). This study systematically examines the factors influencing CoT distillation, including the choice of granularity, format and teacher model. Through experiments involving four teacher models and seven student models across seven mathematical and commonsense reasoning datasets, we uncover three key findings: (1) Unlike LLMs, SLMs exhibit a non-monotonic relationship with granularity, with stronger models benefiting from finer-grained reasoning and weaker models performing better with simpler CoT supervision; (2) CoT format significantly impacts LLMs but has minimal effect on SLMs, likely due to their reliance on supervised fine-tuning rather than pretraining preferences; (3) Stronger teacher models do NOT always produce better student models, as diversity and complexity in CoT supervision can outweigh accuracy alone. These findings emphasize the need to tailor CoT strategies to specific student model, offering actionable insights for optimizing CoT distillation in SLMs. The code and datasets are available at https://github.com/EIT-NLP/Distilling-CoT-Reasoning.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Fine-Tuning Small Reasoning Models for Quantum Field Theory

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Small 7B reasoning models were fine-tuned on synthetic and curated QFT problems using RL and SFT, yielding performance gains, error analysis, and public release of data and traces.

  2. Different Teachers, Different Capabilities: Sub-1B On-Device Distillation for Structured Text Enrichment

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Distilling an 8B reasoning teacher into a 0.6B student recovers most summary quality at ~50× speed, but teacher type—not scale alone—determines which capabilities transfer.

  3. "The Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts": A Compatibility-Aware Multi-Teacher CoT Distillation Framework

    cs.CL 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    COMPACT adaptively fuses multi-teacher CoT supervisions using graph-based consensus, mutual-information adaptability, and loss-based difficulty metrics to improve small language model reasoning performance while mitig...

  4. Characterize Then Distill: Mechanistic Reasoning in Large Output Spaces

    cs.CL 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Reasoning in large output spaces proceeds via shortlisting then fine-grained reasoning; this characterization enables a mechanistic distillation strategy that outperforms standard distillation.

  5. Towards Reasoning Era: A Survey of Long Chain-of-Thought for Reasoning Large Language Models

    cs.AI 2025-03 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    The paper unifies perspectives on Long CoT in reasoning LLMs by introducing a taxonomy, detailing characteristics of deep reasoning and reflection, and discussing emergence phenomena and future directions.