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arxiv 2109.11428 v1 pith:A26MSH4F submitted 2021-09-23 cs.LG cs.AIstat.ML

An Evaluation of Anomaly Detection and Diagnosis in Multivariate Time Series

classification cs.LG cs.AIstat.ML
keywords anomalydetectionscoringfunctionsmodelmultivariateseriestime
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Several techniques for multivariate time series anomaly detection have been proposed recently, but a systematic comparison on a common set of datasets and metrics is lacking. This paper presents a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of unsupervised and semi-supervised deep-learning based methods for anomaly detection and diagnosis on multivariate time series data from cyberphysical systems. Unlike previous works, we vary the model and post-processing of model errors, i.e. the scoring functions independently of each other, through a grid of 10 models and 4 scoring functions, comparing these variants to state of the art methods. In time-series anomaly detection, detecting anomalous events is more important than detecting individual anomalous time-points. Through experiments, we find that the existing evaluation metrics either do not take events into account, or cannot distinguish between a good detector and trivial detectors, such as a random or an all-positive detector. We propose a new metric to overcome these drawbacks, namely, the composite F-score ($Fc_1$), for evaluating time-series anomaly detection. Our study highlights that dynamic scoring functions work much better than static ones for multivariate time series anomaly detection, and the choice of scoring functions often matters more than the choice of the underlying model. We also find that a simple, channel-wise model - the Univariate Fully-Connected Auto-Encoder, with the dynamic Gaussian scoring function emerges as a winning candidate for both anomaly detection and diagnosis, beating state of the art algorithms.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Modeling Normal Is All You Need: Joint Latent Clustering for Anomaly Detection in Multimodal Cyber-Physical Systems

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A VaDE-based latent clustering detector that drops reconstruction wins a fair, difficulty-stratified anomaly detection protocol on three CPS datasets, with margins tracking dataset multimodality.

  2. Tiny but Trusted: Efficient Vision-Language Reasoning for Time-Series Anomaly Detection

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    The authors create VisAnomBench with VLM-generated anomaly explanations and fine-tune VisAnomReasoner, reporting precision and F1 gains of at least 21 and 23 points on the new benchmark plus cross-benchmark improvements.