Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 43 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2309.00770.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2309.00770 v3

Coverage vector

measured 0 of 0 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 43 of 43 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 43 of 43 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T11:30:20.033778Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

0 of 0 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved0
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

59
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

No outbound reference observations are available for this paper version.

Pith citing papers

Observation 3af74d44-db1c-4c97-b70a-30a7325b8887 · inbound

Sora: A Review on Background, Technology, Limitations, and Opportunities of Large Vision Models cites this paper.

Sora: A Review on Background, Technology, Limitations, and Opportunities of Large Vision Models Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 126

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-13T13:43:11.187231Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 944c1e76-f9a3-4b54-a063-05aace72f3f5 · inbound

The Landscape of Emerging AI Agent Architectures for Reasoning, Planning, and Tool Calling: A Survey cites this paper.

The Landscape of Emerging AI Agent Architectures for Reasoning, Planning, and Tool Calling: A Survey Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T23:16:41.718292Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation a0bbc96c-6489-4c0f-88a4-bd508b0c23e0 · inbound

A Survey on the Memory Mechanism of Large Language Model based Agents cites this paper.

A Survey on the Memory Mechanism of Large Language Model based Agents Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 60

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-15T07:21:39.873541Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 31eecd68-837a-4cb9-a7d8-68c7172a4bf4 · inbound

AI Safety Landscape for Large Language Models: Taxonomy, State-of-the-art, and Future Directions cites this paper.

AI Safety Landscape for Large Language Models: Taxonomy, State-of-the-art, and Future Directions Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 222

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-23T21:55:50.238919Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 78e9d8bb-aa2f-4481-8285-8eca50e402cc · inbound

Safety case template for frontier AI: A cyber inability argument cites this paper.

Safety case template for frontier AI: A cyber inability argument Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T22:01:11.336200Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0d1ba4de-a69e-45f8-97b0-2c43c6cd2da5 · inbound

Bias Unveiled: Investigating Social Bias in LLM-Generated Code cites this paper.

Bias Unveiled: Investigating Social Bias in LLM-Generated Code Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:46:44.536437Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 288f2c6c-6045-464a-9794-07a6034ed886 · inbound

Unveiling Performance Challenges of Large Language Models in Low-Resource Healthcare: A Demographic Fairness Perspective cites this paper.

Unveiling Performance Challenges of Large Language Models in Low-Resource Healthcare: A Demographic Fairness Perspective Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:18:55.756959Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8fdc91a2-0a02-4aae-b8eb-ce31aab48bd3 · inbound

Best Practices for Large Language Models in Radiology cites this paper.

Best Practices for Large Language Models in Radiology Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:35:59.376378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5b62a655-9e91-4f45-a9bd-e53ffa61f0f4 · inbound

Survey of different Large Language Model Architectures: Trends, Benchmarks, and Challenges cites this paper.

Survey of different Large Language Model Architectures: Trends, Benchmarks, and Challenges Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:41:14.204747Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation be77ffde-d3c5-4915-968b-368b2febfbc3 · inbound

Improving Linguistic Diversity of Large Language Models with Possibility Exploration Fine-Tuning cites this paper.

Improving Linguistic Diversity of Large Language Models with Possibility Exploration Fine-Tuning Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:34:22.627897Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3a690209-2f9a-48e4-bd28-6d01caf4ec52 · inbound

LangFair: A Python Package for Assessing Bias and Fairness in Large Language Model Use Cases cites this paper.

LangFair: A Python Package for Assessing Bias and Fairness in Large Language Model Use Cases Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:56:29.713205Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4567e7c4-f835-498b-8002-3b784d315e50 · inbound

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach cites this paper.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.551463Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f096aea0-374c-44db-8bb0-e311cecdf81c · inbound

An Empirically-grounded tool for Automatic Prompt Linting and Repair: A Case Study on Bias, Vulnerability, and Optimization in Developer Prompts cites this paper.

An Empirically-grounded tool for Automatic Prompt Linting and Repair: A Case Study on Bias, Vulnerability, and Optimization in Developer Prompts Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:14:06.550646Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bb318c4f-8fc2-451f-91d1-b1f95367d5fe · inbound

Option-ID Based Elimination For Multiple Choice Questions cites this paper.

Option-ID Based Elimination For Multiple Choice Questions Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T14:35:58.859322Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 90ef5c30-f1b9-4f1b-9e8f-0cb0a1b344b2 · inbound

Comparing Human and LLM Generated Code: The Jury is Still Out! cites this paper.

Comparing Human and LLM Generated Code: The Jury is Still Out! Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T10:11:10.773254Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8a044bcd-c045-409c-869e-a908f5a06929 · inbound

CollabLLM: From Passive Responders to Active Collaborators cites this paper.

CollabLLM: From Passive Responders to Active Collaborators Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:18:09.115455Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3e61e840-0b80-481a-acc2-9e8ad0bdf21d · inbound

Synthetic Artifact Auditing: Tracing LLM-Generated Synthetic Data Usage in Downstream Applications cites this paper.

Synthetic Artifact Auditing: Tracing LLM-Generated Synthetic Data Usage in Downstream Applications Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T17:43:55.469259Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5820b242-7320-46b4-939d-13a30dd93092 · inbound

Feeding LLM Annotations to BERT Classifiers at Your Own Risk cites this paper.

Feeding LLM Annotations to BERT Classifiers at Your Own Risk Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:30:20.033778Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9cab6712-cc5e-4532-b1e8-ca714e54eceb · inbound

A Survey of Foundation Model-Powered Recommender Systems: From Feature-Based, Generative to Agentic Paradigms cites this paper.

A Survey of Foundation Model-Powered Recommender Systems: From Feature-Based, Generative to Agentic Paradigms Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 256

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:07:59.424245Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1ad7db4e-fd78-4b5b-bcad-0865ad4bc9f1 · inbound

Justified Evidence Collection for Argument-based AI Fairness Assurance cites this paper.

Justified Evidence Collection for Argument-based AI Fairness Assurance Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:07:58.708664Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 41f36054-e888-4b06-b806-ae23b8c0dcef · inbound

A Framework for Auditing Chatbots for Dialect-Based Quality-of-Service Harms cites this paper.

A Framework for Auditing Chatbots for Dialect-Based Quality-of-Service Harms Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:46:33.477228Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5315fa85-2d08-4d40-a3ca-f0f4e641d115 · inbound

Adultification Bias in LLMs and Text-to-Image Models cites this paper.

Adultification Bias in LLMs and Text-to-Image Models Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:42:53.344745Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9ac79af2-8955-4e80-8e72-19b881aba6d1 · inbound

Explicit Preference Optimization: No Need for an Implicit Reward Model cites this paper.

Explicit Preference Optimization: No Need for an Implicit Reward Model Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:17.886568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 898687bb-6337-47f7-a1a2-9f55ce94871a · inbound

A quantum semantic framework for natural language processing cites this paper.

A quantum semantic framework for natural language processing Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 78

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:10.021463Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 78e7071f-6899-4726-8d4d-245f880fdbe3 · inbound

Are Bias Evaluation Methods Biased ? cites this paper.

Are Bias Evaluation Methods Biased ? Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:14:19.804344Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7cc77384-aa30-4f4a-be71-f7745a98b725 · inbound

Exploring Gender Bias Beyond Occupational Titles cites this paper.

Exploring Gender Bias Beyond Occupational Titles Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T20:28:16.588403Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 790ed743-73eb-441e-be4c-a6a5cf2cf37c · inbound

WETBench: A Benchmark for Detecting Task-Specific Machine-Generated Text on Wikipedia cites this paper.

WETBench: A Benchmark for Detecting Task-Specific Machine-Generated Text on Wikipedia Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T20:20:02.699551Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4ecffbf0-0783-475e-a7c3-b963a9146042 · inbound

Towards High Supervised Learning Utility Training Data Generation: Data Pruning and Column Reordering cites this paper.

Towards High Supervised Learning Utility Training Data Generation: Data Pruning and Column Reordering Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:43:53.690982Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8a8a640f-38fc-4591-935f-35ff28a86700 · inbound

Trustworthy Reasoning: Evaluating and Enhancing Factual Accuracy in LLM Intermediate Thought Processes cites this paper.

Trustworthy Reasoning: Evaluating and Enhancing Factual Accuracy in LLM Intermediate Thought Processes Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T18:03:15.244043Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7e2dfbe5-f929-45c6-ad0a-786c7a9b4a94 · inbound

Trustworthy Reasoning: Evaluating and Enhancing Factual Accuracy in LLM Intermediate Thought Processes cites this paper.

Trustworthy Reasoning: Evaluating and Enhancing Factual Accuracy in LLM Intermediate Thought Processes Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T18:03:15.248522Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 635ee3e4-2704-47be-a65f-114898fb683e · inbound

A Close Reading Approach to Gender Narrative Biases in AI-Generated Stories cites this paper.

A Close Reading Approach to Gender Narrative Biases in AI-Generated Stories Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T20:57:56.188933Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8240b4a1-9656-4ce6-9471-2a2d19004a0c · inbound

Guidelines for Empirical Studies in Software Engineering involving Large Language Models cites this paper.

Guidelines for Empirical Studies in Software Engineering involving Large Language Models Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 39

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T22:02:52.211601Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation a938ae3b-b563-48ab-8314-d5412a0fe066 · inbound

Guidelines for Empirical Studies in Software Engineering involving Large Language Models cites this paper.

Guidelines for Empirical Studies in Software Engineering involving Large Language Models Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 39

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T08:20:31.379898Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation eeb89a5d-63e5-44d1-a2e9-a622ed6c7436 · inbound

Safe-SAIL: Towards a Fine-grained Safety Landscape of Large Language Models via Sparse Autoencoder Interpretation Framework cites this paper.

Safe-SAIL: Towards a Fine-grained Safety Landscape of Large Language Models via Sparse Autoencoder Interpretation Framework Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 14

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T18:16:43.769596Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 02d0808c-8d3a-4a62-b393-bca86a6ffce2 · inbound

Saying More Than They Know: A Framework for Quantifying Epistemic-Rhetorical Miscalibration in Large Language Models cites this paper.

Saying More Than They Know: A Framework for Quantifying Epistemic-Rhetorical Miscalibration in Large Language Models Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 1

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-15T00:28:22.970065Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 0097e688-5275-4446-a744-a7ed7533811e · inbound

Social Bias in LLM-Generated Code: Benchmark and Mitigation cites this paper.

Social Bias in LLM-Generated Code: Benchmark and Mitigation Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 150

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T15:36:08.592359Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 246a6c2f-2453-473c-aa47-6c93ad1b3370 · inbound

Distinguishable Deletion: Unifying Knowledge Erasure and Refusal for Large Language Model Unlearning cites this paper.

Distinguishable Deletion: Unifying Knowledge Erasure and Refusal for Large Language Model Unlearning Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 86

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-19T21:52:48.312667Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation dab4f06e-a858-471a-b6b1-2935faf48b92 · inbound

Mixed-Modality Dual Face-Hair Retrieval cites this paper.

Mixed-Modality Dual Face-Hair Retrieval Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T02:46:28.466501Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 91922207-7be3-4b5e-be85-87c2052325c7 · inbound

AgentFairBench: Do LLM Agents Discriminate When They Act? cites this paper.

AgentFairBench: Do LLM Agents Discriminate When They Act? Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-03T17:38:44.501626Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation cbec5595-dc24-4850-99da-b85f56063b72 · inbound

The Hitchhiker's Guide to Agentic AI: From Foundations to Systems cites this paper.

The Hitchhiker's Guide to Agentic AI: From Foundations to Systems Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 165

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T11:09:46.361178Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 4a5ca330-0535-4435-a318-0dbdda6217d4 · inbound

The Hitchhiker's Guide to Agentic AI: From Foundations to Systems cites this paper.

The Hitchhiker's Guide to Agentic AI: From Foundations to Systems Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 153

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T10:27:18.338457Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d3460a43-df54-4ffc-82ee-5622eb6b6b9b · inbound

Auditing LLM-Governed Social Robots with Culture-Specific Moral Gradients cites this paper.

Auditing LLM-Governed Social Robots with Culture-Specific Moral Gradients Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T11:14:37.479993Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation f9fa35a9-d8ce-4fc6-b74e-10aa60c59233 · inbound

Measure, Don't Optimize: Forecasting Recovery in LLM Unlearning cites this paper.

Measure, Don't Optimize: Forecasting Recovery in LLM Unlearning Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 159

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T14:17:57.065179Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.