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BayesDiff: Estimating Pixel-wise Uncertainty in Diffusion via Bayesian Inference

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arxiv 2310.11142 v2 pith:AELZZWLF submitted 2023-10-17 cs.CV cs.LG

BayesDiff: Estimating Pixel-wise Uncertainty in Diffusion via Bayesian Inference

classification cs.CV cs.LG
keywords uncertaintydiffusiongenerationsbayesdiffbayesianinferencepixel-wisemetric
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Diffusion models have impressive image generation capability, but low-quality generations still exist, and their identification remains challenging due to the lack of a proper sample-wise metric. To address this, we propose BayesDiff, a pixel-wise uncertainty estimator for generations from diffusion models based on Bayesian inference. In particular, we derive a novel uncertainty iteration principle to characterize the uncertainty dynamics in diffusion, and leverage the last-layer Laplace approximation for efficient Bayesian inference. The estimated pixel-wise uncertainty can not only be aggregated into a sample-wise metric to filter out low-fidelity images but also aids in augmenting successful generations and rectifying artifacts in failed generations in text-to-image tasks. Extensive experiments demonstrate the efficacy of BayesDiff and its promise for practical applications.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    In flow matching, the uncertainty of the clean data given the current state is exactly the divergence of the velocity field (up to a known scalar).

  2. Divergence is Uncertainty: A Closed-Form Posterior Covariance for Flow Matching

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    Derives closed-form posterior covariance for flow matching from divergence of velocity field, enabling post-hoc uncertainty on pre-trained models including one-step generators.

  3. Divergence is Uncertainty: A Closed-Form Posterior Covariance for Flow Matching

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    An exact closed-form posterior covariance for flow matching is derived from the divergence of the velocity field and is computable on any pre-trained model.

  4. Uncertainty-Aware Distribution-to-Distribution Flow Matching for Scientific Imaging

    cs.LG 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Bayesian Stochastic Flow Matching augments flow models with stochastic diffusion for better generalization and uses Monte Carlo Dropout with antithetic sampling to disentangle uncertainties and detect out-of-distribut...

  5. Uncertainty-Aware Distribution-to-Distribution Flow Matching for Scientific Imaging

    cs.LG 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    SFM improves generalization under distribution shift for scientific imaging tasks while AVUQ supplies sample-efficient epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty estimates plus anomaly scores.

  6. Uncertainty-Calibrated Diffusion for Reliable 3D Molecular Graph Generation

    cs.LG 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    UCD adjusts diffusion-based 3D molecular graph generation to handle epistemic uncertainty, improving sample quality and reaching new benchmark performance.