Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models | Paper Citation Record

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PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways cites this paper.

PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 61

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GPT-NeoX-20B: An Open-Source Autoregressive Language Model cites this paper.

GPT-NeoX-20B: An Open-Source Autoregressive Language Model Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 38

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-24T12:34:28.405246Z

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Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learning cites this paper.

Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learning Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 43

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-12T04:22:30.370781Z

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OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models cites this paper.

OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 259

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-10T20:53:17.086220Z

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A Generalist Agent cites this paper.

A Generalist Agent Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-13T06:24:50.014544Z

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Scaling Laws and Interpretability of Learning from Repeated Data cites this paper.

Scaling Laws and Interpretability of Learning from Repeated Data Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 35

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-17T15:52:40.515825Z

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Teaching Models to Express Their Uncertainty in Words cites this paper.

Teaching Models to Express Their Uncertainty in Words Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 10

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Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models cites this paper.

Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 35

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Scaling Autoregressive Models for Content-Rich Text-to-Image Generation cites this paper.

Scaling Autoregressive Models for Content-Rich Text-to-Image Generation Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 76

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Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know cites this paper.

Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 47

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Efficient Training of Language Models to Fill in the Middle cites this paper.

Efficient Training of Language Models to Fill in the Middle Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 114

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Atlas: Few-shot Learning with Retrieval Augmented Language Models cites this paper.

Atlas: Few-shot Learning with Retrieval Augmented Language Models Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 28

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Atlas: Few-shot Learning with Retrieval Augmented Language Models cites this paper.

Atlas: Few-shot Learning with Retrieval Augmented Language Models Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 198

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LLM.int8(): 8-bit Matrix Multiplication for Transformers at Scale cites this paper.

LLM.int8(): 8-bit Matrix Multiplication for Transformers at Scale Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 139

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PaLI: A Jointly-Scaled Multilingual Language-Image Model cites this paper.

PaLI: A Jointly-Scaled Multilingual Language-Image Model Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 167

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Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Them cites this paper.

Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Them Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 11

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BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model cites this paper.

BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 248

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Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science cites this paper.

Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 15

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Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science cites this paper.

Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 176

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Solving math word problems with process- and outcome-based feedback cites this paper.

Solving math word problems with process- and outcome-based feedback Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 19

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Editing Models with Task Arithmetic cites this paper.

Editing Models with Task Arithmetic Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 38

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BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Models cites this paper.

BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Models Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 6

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REPLUG: Retrieval-Augmented Black-Box Language Models cites this paper.

REPLUG: Retrieval-Augmented Black-Box Language Models Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 11

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The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning cites this paper.

The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 18

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Accelerating Large Language Model Decoding with Speculative Sampling cites this paper.

Accelerating Large Language Model Decoding with Speculative Sampling Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 8

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Semantic Uncertainty: Linguistic Invariances for Uncertainty Estimation in Natural Language Generation cites this paper.

Semantic Uncertainty: Linguistic Invariances for Uncertainty Estimation in Natural Language Generation Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 7

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Observation b10c6990-fff9-46a3-a839-0c07a42045ec · inbound

SelfCheckGPT: Zero-Resource Black-Box Hallucination Detection for Generative Large Language Models cites this paper.

SelfCheckGPT: Zero-Resource Black-Box Hallucination Detection for Generative Large Language Models Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 56

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-15T15:11:21.831689Z

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SemDeDup: Data-efficient learning at web-scale through semantic deduplication cites this paper.

SemDeDup: Data-efficient learning at web-scale through semantic deduplication Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-18T02:43:30.936629Z

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CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model Society cites this paper.

CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model Society Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 47

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A Survey of Large Language Models cites this paper.

A Survey of Large Language Models Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 36

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Pythia: A Suite for Analyzing Large Language Models Across Training and Scaling cites this paper.

Pythia: A Suite for Analyzing Large Language Models Across Training and Scaling Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 125

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Segment Anything cites this paper.

Segment Anything Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 51

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RAFT: Reward rAnked FineTuning for Generative Foundation Model Alignment cites this paper.

RAFT: Reward rAnked FineTuning for Generative Foundation Model Alignment Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 113

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DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervision cites this paper.

DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervision Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 14

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T16:01:32.444768Z

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How Secure is Code Generated by ChatGPT? cites this paper.

How Secure is Code Generated by ChatGPT? Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 1

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-24T10:04:18.968874Z

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MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Models cites this paper.

MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Models Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 8

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Distilling Step-by-Step! Outperforming Larger Language Models with Less Training Data and Smaller Model Sizes cites this paper.

Distilling Step-by-Step! Outperforming Larger Language Models with Less Training Data and Smaller Model Sizes Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 78

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-21T20:50:09.426631Z

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StarCoder: may the source be with you! cites this paper.

StarCoder: may the source be with you! Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 199

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TinyStories: How Small Can Language Models Be and Still Speak Coherent English? cites this paper.

TinyStories: How Small Can Language Models Be and Still Speak Coherent English? Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-25T07:36:55.142743Z

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Observation c1a50e12-f52b-4b81-83fd-812b4a4c07ff · inbound

Towards Expert-Level Medical Question Answering with Large Language Models cites this paper.

Towards Expert-Level Medical Question Answering with Large Language Models Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 11

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-24T04:32:33.397004Z

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Observation 85bc7124-dea5-42e9-b05e-e4d7e9bafd55 · inbound

PaLM 2 Technical Report cites this paper.

PaLM 2 Technical Report Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 65

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-12T11:59:27.164344Z

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Observation 3a58ab4c-492a-43da-92c6-7bf8d5a8c918 · inbound

Scaling Data-Constrained Language Models cites this paper.

Scaling Data-Constrained Language Models Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 46

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Observation 1d1c0c9d-8ad7-4973-9d17-b7251f69fe4c · inbound

The RefinedWeb Dataset for Falcon LLM: Outperforming Curated Corpora with Web Data, and Web Data Only cites this paper.

The RefinedWeb Dataset for Falcon LLM: Outperforming Curated Corpora with Web Data, and Web Data Only Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 27

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-13T20:43:45.848361Z

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Observation fca11763-1ee7-481e-8a5d-0a044294e676 · inbound

Objaverse-XL: A Universe of 10M+ 3D Objects cites this paper.

Objaverse-XL: A Universe of 10M+ 3D Objects Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-17T13:02:11.610496Z

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Observation 49b3f0d3-f2cf-46ae-9c6b-d6f1a001fc31 · inbound

A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Models cites this paper.

A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Models Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 96

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-19T20:28:39.339978Z

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Observation a7e7866a-25a7-452f-8f09-7270dc0f3be9 · inbound

C-Pack: Packed Resources For General Chinese Embeddings cites this paper.

C-Pack: Packed Resources For General Chinese Embeddings Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-13T13:24:32.209644Z

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Observation 47e0fbcd-31fb-4c15-a0d2-d5d89badc8c7 · inbound

Baichuan 2: Open Large-scale Language Models cites this paper.

Baichuan 2: Open Large-scale Language Models Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-24T06:54:03.567927Z

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Observation d4fa4b8b-6765-4c85-b423-171e5b585cbb · inbound

Language Modeling Is Compression cites this paper.

Language Modeling Is Compression Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-17T22:36:13.455055Z

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Observation 3b16d98c-d430-4f1b-b779-5c1a9f45a305 · inbound

Promptbreeder: Self-Referential Self-Improvement Via Prompt Evolution cites this paper.

Promptbreeder: Self-Referential Self-Improvement Via Prompt Evolution Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 150

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-16T08:12:31.599118Z

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Observation df0020b1-7652-4c94-ad9d-d41d6bc9403d · inbound

The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Explorations with GPT-4V(ision) cites this paper.

The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Explorations with GPT-4V(ision) Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 53

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-15T23:26:06.316183Z

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Observation 7b858d8b-11f9-4169-9382-e54d61608af6 · inbound

Learning Interactive Real-World Simulators cites this paper.

Learning Interactive Real-World Simulators Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 229

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-16T02:15:18.479900Z

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Observation 49d8ca2a-ebf9-405c-b1e6-7a8641dc9994 · inbound

MiniGPT-v2: large language model as a unified interface for vision-language multi-task learning cites this paper.

MiniGPT-v2: large language model as a unified interface for vision-language multi-task learning Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-16T07:13:09.005969Z

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Observation f6b58561-b258-4259-b2ed-5e681fa55d3d · inbound

Llemma: An Open Language Model For Mathematics cites this paper.

Llemma: An Open Language Model For Mathematics Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 149

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-19T08:17:46.477044Z

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A decoder-only foundation model for time-series forecasting cites this paper.

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Reference 33

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Reference 144

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Reference 92

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Reference 138

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Large Language Models: A Survey cites this paper.

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Reference 27

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Reference 32

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Reference 22

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Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone cites this paper.

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Reference 139

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-11T05:36:26.635339Z

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Reference 147

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-15T06:03:56.499180Z

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Reference 97

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Reference 60

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Reference 14

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Reference 85

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Reference 63

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Reference 31

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Reference 72

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Reference 146

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Reference 40

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Reference 40

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Reference 31

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