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Large Language Models are Advanced Anonymizers

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arxiv 2402.13846 v2 pith:BGLYOU5Z submitted 2024-02-21 cs.AI cs.CLcs.CR

classification cs.AIcs.CLcs.CR
keywords anonymizationadversarialanonymizersllmstextscapabilitiesevaluationhuman
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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Recent privacy research on large language models (LLMs) has shown that they achieve near-human-level performance at inferring personal data from online texts. With ever-increasing model capabilities, existing text anonymization methods are currently lacking behind regulatory requirements and adversarial threats. In this work, we take two steps to bridge this gap: First, we present a new setting for evaluating anonymization in the face of adversarial LLM inferences, allowing for a natural measurement of anonymization performance while remedying some of the shortcomings of previous metrics. Then, within this setting, we develop a novel LLM-based adversarial anonymization framework leveraging the strong inferential capabilities of LLMs to inform our anonymization procedure. We conduct a comprehensive experimental evaluation of adversarial anonymization across 13 LLMs on real-world and synthetic online texts, comparing it against multiple baselines and industry-grade anonymizers. Our evaluation shows that adversarial anonymization outperforms current commercial anonymizers both in terms of the resulting utility and privacy. We support our findings with a human study (n=50) highlighting a strong and consistent human preference for LLM-anonymized texts.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. PromptPET: Privacy-Utility Optimized Prompt Obfuscation

    cs.CR 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    PromptPET selectively applies four obfuscation actions (including novel noising) via an OPRO-style rule optimizer to match single-action privacy-utility frontiers and outperform prior prompt-minimization methods on Wi...

  2. Retrieval-Confused Generation is a Good Defender for Privacy Violation Attack of Large Language Models

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    A retrieval-confused generation defense that swaps query comments with the most irrelevant paraphrased comments, reducing privacy attack success rates across eight LLMs.

  3. Cape: Context-Aware Prompt Perturbation Mechanism with Differential Privacy

    cs.CR 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Cape perturbs sensitive prompt tokens under local differential privacy using a hybrid context-and-distance utility and a bucketized exponential mechanism, reporting better privacy-utility trade-offs than prior DP text...

  4. Unveiling Unicode's Unseen Underpinnings in Undermining Authorship Attribution

    cs.CR 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    The paper proposes integrating Unicode steganography into adversarial stylometry to undermine authorship attribution.

  5. PBa-LLM: Privacy- and Bias-aware NLP using Named-Entity Recognition (NER)

    cs.CL 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    NER-based removal of person and location entities from resumes preserves occupancy-prediction accuracy on FairCVdb, and combined with a debiasing module yields gender-balanced shortlists.

  6. SoK: The Privacy Paradox of Large Language Models: Advancements, Privacy Risks, and Mitigation

    cs.CR 2025-06 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A systematization-of-knowledge survey that categorizes LLM privacy risks into training data, prompts, outputs, and agents, and reviews limitations of current mitigations.

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