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RWKV-7 "Goose" with Expressive Dynamic State Evolution

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arxiv 2503.14456 v2 pith:D4UEVNNC submitted 2025-03-18 cs.CL cs.AIcs.LG

classification cs.CLcs.AIcs.LG
keywords rwkv-7billionlanguagemodelsconstantdatasetgoosehttps
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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abstract

We present RWKV-7 "Goose", a new sequence modeling architecture with constant memory usage and constant inference time per token. Despite being trained on dramatically fewer tokens than other top models, our 2.9 billion parameter language model achieves a new 3B SoTA on multilingual tasks and matches the current 3B SoTA on English language downstream performance. RWKV-7 introduces a newly generalized formulation of the delta rule with vector-valued gating and in-context learning rates, as well as a relaxed value replacement rule. We show that RWKV-7 can perform state tracking and recognize all regular languages, while retaining parallelizability of training. This exceeds the capabilities of Transformers under standard complexity conjectures, which are limited to $\mathsf{TC}^0$. To demonstrate RWKV-7's language modeling capability, we also present an extended open source 3.1 trillion token multilingual corpus, and train four RWKV-7 models ranging from 0.19 billion to 2.9 billion parameters on this dataset. To foster openness, reproduction, and adoption, we release our models and dataset component listing at https://huggingface.co/RWKV, and our training and inference code at https://github.com/RWKV/RWKV-LM all under the Apache 2.0 License.

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Forward citations

Cited by 24 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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  2. A Compositional Theory of Causally Masked Transformers

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    NoPE finite-precision causal transformers realize definite, R-trivial, locally R-trivial, or star-free languages according to whether attention is width-one window, sharp soft, cascaded, or ordinary floating-point soft.

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  4. Beyond Test-Time Memory: State-Space Optimal Control for LLM Reasoning

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    A symplectic LQR layer inserted as an adapter into pretrained LLMs yields large gains on MATH-500, AMC and AIME by solving a latent optimal-control problem at inference time.

  5. Learning State-Tracking from Code Using Linear RNNs

    cs.LG 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    Linear RNNs with negative eigenvalues track permutation state from REPL traces under next-token prediction, but probabilistic state-tracking with partial reveals forces exponential belief decay without nonlinear renor...

  6. Selective Rotary Position Embedding

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    Selective RoPE replaces RoPE's fixed rotation angles with input-dependent, learnable angles and improves recall-focused tasks in gated linear and softmax transformers.

  7. Modular TTT: Rethinking Test-Time Training as Composable Modules

    cs.LG 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Modular TTT expresses test-time training as a graph of primitives, ablates the components, and finds that simple shallow learners with small learning-rate initialization and scalar decay match Gated DeltaNet at 1.45B scale.

  8. AudioRWKV: Efficient and Stable Bidirectional RWKV for Audio Pattern Recognition

    cs.SD 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    AudioRWKV, an RWKV7-based audio backbone with 2D convolution and bidirectional WKV, beats AST and AuM baselines on five benchmarks at linear complexity.

  9. Smooth Reading: Bridging the Gap of Recurrent LLM to Self-Attention LLM on Long-Context Tasks

    cs.CL 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A chunk-wise inference method called Smooth Reading lets recurrent LLMs match or exceed self-attention LLMs on LongBench and Needle-in-a-Haystack while keeping linear-time efficiency.

  10. AuroraLong: Bringing RNNs Back to Efficient Open-Ended Video Understanding

    cs.CV 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A 2B-parameter video-language model using an RWKV linear-RNN backbone and sorted token merging achieves competitive long-video QA accuracy with far lower memory cost than transformer-based models.

  11. RAD: Redundancy-Aware Distillation for Hybrid Models via Self-Speculative Decoding

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    RAD selects redundant attention layers via self-speculative decoding throughput, replaces them with SSM blocks, and distills them into hybrid models that beat the original on GSM8K and CRUX.

  12. Rethinking Addressing in Language Models via Contexualized Equivariant Positional Encoding

    cs.CL 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    TAPE makes positional embeddings content-aware and equivariant, improving Transformer performance on arithmetic and long-context tasks and extending representational power to NC1-complete algorithms.

  13. When Perplexity Lies: Generation-Focused Distillation of Hybrid Sequence Models

    cs.CL 2026-03 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Perplexity-based scoring systematically understates teacher–student gaps in distilled hybrid LLMs and can reverse design-choice rankings; generation-based evaluation is the more reliable protocol.

  14. LADY: Linear Attention for Autonomous Driving Efficiency without Transformers

    cs.AI 2025-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    LADY shows that an end-to-end driving model using only linear attention can match transformer-based planners on NAVSIM/Bench2Drive while fusing arbitrary-length historical sensor frames at constant per-frame cost.

  15. ENA: Efficient N-dimensional Attention

    cs.LG 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    ENA combines linear recurrence with hardware-friendly sliding tile attention to model images and videos efficiently, claiming Transformer-level accuracy at roughly 70% attention sparsity.

  16. ATLAS: Learning to Optimally Memorize the Context at Test Time

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A new recurrent memory module (Atlas) that optimizes its memory over a window of past tokens and uses Muon-style second-order updates, reporting gains over Transformers and existing linear RNNs on long-context tasks.

  17. DualComp: End-to-End Learning of a Unified Dual-Modality Lossless Compressor

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  18. RWKV-X: A Linear Complexity Hybrid Language Model

    cs.CL 2025-04 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    RWKV-X combines RWKV-7 with top-k chunk sparse attention and compressed KV caching, reporting near-perfect passkey retrieval at 64K tokens and stable decoding up to 1M tokens.

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    cs.LG 2025-04 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Miras unifies Transformers and linear RNNs as associative memories, and its new variants Moneta, Yaad, and Memora outperform existing linear RNNs and Transformers on language modeling and long-context retrieval tasks.

  20. Memory for Large Language Models

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    The paper organizes LLM memory architectures along three axes—implicit vs explicit representation, offline vs online update, and short vs long-term persistence—plus finer-grained update rules.

  21. Understanding Transformer from the Perspective of Associative Memory

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Frames the Transformer as associative memory, derives retrieval SNR for linear, softmax, ReLU, and SoLU kernels, and proposes DeltaFormer, a softmax-plus-delta-rule variant claimed to exceed TC0 expressivity.

  22. ModRWKV: Transformer Multimodality in Linear Time

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A linear RNN backbone (RWKV7) with lightweight adapters can handle vision, speech, and time-series inputs, with competitive vision and speech results but unreliable time-series evaluation.

  23. WuNeng: Hybrid State with Attention

    cs.CL 2025-04 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    WuNeng combines attention heads with RWKV-7 state-driven heads and cross-head gated fusion, but the paper is an incomplete proposal with preliminary, uncontrolled results.

  24. Cross-attention for State-based model RWKV-7

    cs.CV 2025-04 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    CrossWKV adapts RWKV-7's WKV state update into a cross-modal attention layer for diffusion text-to-image generation, but the reported benchmark results are explicitly labeled preliminary and in-progress.

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