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arxiv 1911.02876 v4 pith:DNEJV2CK submitted 2019-11-07 cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.quant-gashep-th

Fractonic Superfluids

classification cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.quant-gashep-th
keywords effectivemicroscopicmodelsuperfluidtheoryequationsformulatefractonic
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We propose a superfluid phase of ``many-fracton system'' in which charge and total dipole moments are conserved quantities. In this work, both microscopic model and long-wavelength effective theory are analyzed. We start with a second quantized microscopic model and formulate the coherent-state path-integral representation. With repulsive interactions and positive chemical potential, we calculate various properties of the resulting superfluid state and make comparison with a conventional superfluid. We deduce a highly nonlinear Euler-Lagrange equation as well as two Noether currents. We also formulate time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii-type equations that govern hydrodynamical behaviors. We study the classical ground state wavefunction, the associated off-diagonal long range order (ODLRO), supercurrents, critical current, and unconventional topological vortices. At length scale much larger than coherence length $\xi_{\mathrm{coh}}$, we derive the effective theory of our microscopic model. Based on the effective theory, we analyze gapless Goldstone modes and specific heat capacity at low temperatures as well as the fate of ODLRO against quantum fluctuations. Several future directions, e.g., numerical analysis of Gross-Pitaevskii equations, fermionic fractons, fractonic superconductors, and cold-atom experimental realization, are discussed.

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