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Gauge symmetry breaking with S² extra dimensions

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arxiv 2505.19829 v1 pith:EEBKFAYL submitted 2025-05-26 hep-ph hep-th

Gauge symmetry breaking with $S^2$ extra dimensions

classification hep-ph hep-th
keywords gaugefieldssymmetrybackgroundbreakingdimensionsmassmodes
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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abstract

We consider symmetry breaking of arbitrary gauge groups on a six-dimensional space-time which consists of a four-dimensional Minkowski space-time $M^4$ and a two-dimensional sphere $S^2$. We expand the gauge fields in the presence of a non-trivial background unique to $S^2$. We analyze Kaluza-Klein(KK) modes of the gauge fields and derive the mass spectrum of the KK modes. We found that the gauge fields (not) commuting with the background fields (do not) remain symmetry operators in four dimensions. We also discuss the mass spectrum of the extra-dimensional components of the gauge fields and identify a physical scalar $\phi$ and a Nambu-Goldstone mode $\chi$. As a result, we obtain a method to break gauge symmetry due to the nontrivial solution for gauge fields which is a unique feature of $S^2$.

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