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An Infrared On-Shell Action and its Implications for Soft Charge Fluctuations in Asymptotically Flat Spacetimes
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abstract
We study the infrared on-shell action of Einstein gravity in asymptotically flat spacetimes, obtaining an effective, gauge-invariant boundary action for memory and shockwave spacetimes. We show that the phase space is in both cases parameterized by the leading soft variables in asymptotically flat spacetimes, thereby extending the equivalence between shockwave and soft commutators to spacetimes with non-vanishing Bondi mass. We then demonstrate that our on-shell action is equal to three quantities studied separately in the literature: $(i)$ the soft supertranslation charge; $(ii)$ the shockwave effective action, or equivalently the modular Hamiltonian; and $(iii)$ the soft effective action. Finally, we compute the quantum fluctuations in the soft supertranslation charge and, assuming the supertranslation parameter may be promoted to an operator, we obtain an area law, consistent with earlier results showing that the modular Hamiltonian has such fluctuations.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Soft gravitons in three dimensions
Three-dimensional flat-space gravity, despite having no propagating gravitons, exhibits an infrared triangle: a soft graviton theorem, BMS3 asymptotic symmetries, and gravitational memory effects, all equivalent throu...
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Effective density matrix for vacua in asymptotically flat gravity
The vacuum of a large causal diamond in asymptotically flat gravity is claimed to be a Gaussian in the supertranslation Goldstone mode, giving modular Hamiltonian variance A/epsilon squared.
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Causality bounds from charged shockwaves in 5d
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Preface to Fields, Gravity, Strings and Beyond: In Memory of Stanley Deser
An editorial preface, not a research paper: it tributes Stanley Deser and catalogues the special issue's contributed articles in four thematic areas.
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