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Observing Invisible Axions with Gravitational Waves

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arxiv 2101.11007 v1 pith:G5CIHSEV submitted 2021-01-26 hep-ph astro-ph.COgr-qchep-th

classification hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-th
keywords gravitationalspectrumwaveaxiondarkdecayfrequenciesinflation
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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abstract

If the Peccei-Quinn symmetry associated to an axion has ever been restored after inflation, axion strings inevitably produce a contribution to the stochastic gravitational wave background. Combining effective field theory analysis with numerical simulations, we show that the resulting gravitational wave spectrum has logarithmic deviations from a scale invariant form with an amplitude that is significantly enhanced at low frequencies. As a result, a single ultralight axion-like particle with a decay constant larger than $10^{14}~{\rm GeV}$ and any mass between $10^{-18}~{\rm eV}$ and $10^{-28}~{\rm eV}$ leads to an observable gravitational wave spectrum and is compatible with constraints on the post-inflationary scenario from dark matter overproduction, isocurvature and dark radiation. Since the spectrum extends over a wide range of frequencies, the resulting signal could be detected by multiple experiments. We describe straightforward ways in which the Peccei-Quinn symmetry can be restored after inflation for such decay constants. We also comment on the recent possible NANOgrav signal in light of our results.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Nambu-Goldstone emissions from the cosmological evolution of global monopoles

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    First quantitative lattice measurement of NG boson emission from global monopoles: the spectrum peaks at the Hubble scale, the number density grows linearly with H, and the resulting pseudo-NG bosons can be dark matter.

  2. Cosmic string gravitational wave backgrounds at LISA: II. Reconstruction of conventional signals over astrophysical foregrounds

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    When realistic astrophysical foregrounds are included, LISA can reconstruct the cosmic-string tension to 10% precision only for Gμ ≳ 10^{-11}, 10^5 times larger than foreground-free forecasts.

  3. Searching Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background Landscape Across Frequency Bands

    gr-qc 2025-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A hybrid cosmic string–domain wall model can fit the NANOGrav 15-year signal, and its high-frequency tail lies within LISA's projected reach, making the interpretation testable.

  4. Large-Scale Structure Probes of the Post-Inflationary Axiverse

    astro-ph.CO 2025-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    HST ultraviolet luminosity function data at z=4-10, combined with Lyman-α and CMB data, place leading constraints on subdominant post-inflationary axion dark matter via its white-noise isocurvature perturbations.

  5. Cosmic string gravitational wave backgrounds at LISA: I. Signal survey, template reconstruction, and model comparison

    astro-ph.CO 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    As provided, the manuscript body (random lasing) does not correspond to the abstract (cosmic string gravitational wave backgrounds at LISA), leaving the abstract's quantitative claims unsupported by any accessible text.

  6. Gravitational wave and dark matter from Axion-Higgs string

    hep-ph 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Lattice simulations show axion and axion-Higgs strings produce gravitational waves too weak for current pulsar timing arrays once dark matter overproduction is taken into account.

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