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Open Data from LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA through the Second Part of the Fourth Observing Run

T0 review · 0 major / 1 minor · reviewed 2026-06-29 · grok-4.3

Pith's one-line read LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA release calibrated strain data from the second part of the fourth observing run.

desk verdict Standard data release paper for O4b; the value sits in the public files, not in any new analysis or claim. read the letter →

arxiv 2605.27090 v2 pith:GP4GTQTG submitted 2026-05-26 gr-qc astro-ph.HE

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration , the Virgo Collaboration , the KAGRA Collaboration: A. G. Abac , A. Abe , I. Abouelfettouh , F. Acernese , K. Ackley , A. Adam
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This is my paper · ORCID
classification gr-qcastro-ph.HE
keywords opendatagravitationalwavesLIGOVirgoKAGRAGWOSCobservingrunstrain
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper describes the public release of data from the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA network for the period covering the second part of the fourth observing run and selected engineering run times. This includes calibrated strain time series from each detector, additional channels for noise subtraction and characterization, and new analysis products linked to the fifth version of the gravitational-wave transient catalog. The data covers April 6, 2024, through January 28, 2025, and is made available through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center. A reader would care because these releases enable independent researchers to examine the observations directly without relying solely on the collaborations' published results. The effort focuses on documenting and providing access to the data set for broader use in gravitational-wave science.

What carries the argument

The online GWOSC release of the data products associated with GWTC-5.0, which distributes the strain and auxiliary data from the observatories.

What would settle it

Downloading the files and finding that their time coverage or calibration constants differ from the paper's description would show the release does not match the claim.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The public data set includes calibrated strain time series for each instrument, data from additional channels used for noise subtraction and detector characterization, and new analysis data products in the online GWOSC release associated with version 5.0 of the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog for times spanning April 6th, 2024 to January 28th, 2025.

Load-bearing premise

The public files accurately correspond to the stated calibration, noise subtraction methods, and observation times without errors in the internal data processing.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Independent analyses of the O4b data become possible using the public files.
  • The inclusion of KAGRA data extends the network coverage available for public study.
  • New analysis products facilitate work on the transient catalog updates.
  • Data from the engineering run ER16 is also incorporated for selected periods.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • This release could allow cross-verification of event detections by external teams.
  • Future papers might use this data to search for signals missed in the official catalog.
  • The growing public archive supports long-term studies of detector performance over multiple runs.
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Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

0 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript announces the public release via the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center (GWOSC) of calibrated strain time series, auxiliary detector channels, and associated analysis products from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA-GEO600 network. The release covers the second part of the fourth observing run (O4b) together with selected segments of the preceding engineering run (ER16), spanning 6 April 2024 to 28 January 2025, and is tied to version 5.0 of the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog.

Significance. The data release is of clear significance to the gravitational-wave community. Timely public availability of calibrated strain and auxiliary channels from the ongoing O4 run enables independent verification, new searches, and multi-messenger follow-up by the broader scientific community. The explicit linkage to GWOSC v5.0 and the catalog products further increases the immediate usability of the dataset.

minor comments (1)
  1. The abstract and title refer to “the second part of the fourth observing run (O4b)” without an explicit definition of the O4a/O4b boundary; a single sentence in §1 or a footnote citing the official run segmentation would remove any ambiguity for readers.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their positive review, recognition of the data release's significance to the gravitational-wave community, and recommendation to accept the manuscript. No major comments were provided for response.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity

full rationale

This is a pure data-release announcement paper with no derivations, equations, fitted parameters, models, or load-bearing claims that could reduce to self-definition or self-citation. The central content is a catalog of released files (calibrated strain, auxiliary channels, GWTC-5.0 products) whose validity is external to the manuscript; the weakest assumption (file contents match stated calibration and coverage) is definitional for any release note and does not create an internal circular step. No self-citation chain or ansatz is invoked to justify a result.

Assumptions & free parameters 0 free parameters · 0 assumptions · 0 invented entities

This is a data-release announcement with no free parameters, axioms, or invented entities required for a derivation.

how reviews work

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Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Open Data from LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA through the Second Part of the Fourth Observing Run." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/GP4GTQTG

@misc{pith2026260527090,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Open Data from LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA through the Second Part of the Fourth Observing Run},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/GP4GTQTG}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2605.27090}
}
read the original abstract

LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO 600 form a network of gravitational-wave observatories. Data and analysis results from this network are made publicly available through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center (GWOSC). This paper describes open data from this network, including the addition of data from the second part of the fourth observing run (O4b) and selected periods from the preceding engineering run (ER16), which were collected from times spanning April 6th, 2024 to January 28th, 2025. The public data set includes calibrated strain time series for each instrument, data from additional channels used for noise subtraction and detector characterization, and new analysis data products in the online GWOSC release associated with version 5.0 of the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.27090 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. BNS inspiral range over time for O4a and O4b. Each point corresponds to a time interval of 4096 s, corresponding to the time range of one strain data file. If this time range contains a period of data too short to make a reliable inspiral range estimate, the range is set to zero. The fast Fourier transform window length used is 8 s with a 4 s overlap. These inspiral range values are stored as metadata for each strai… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Estimated calibration errors and uncertainties at representative times in O4b (plotted as R/R(model) − 1). Frequency-dependent calibration errors for LIGO Hanford (red) and Livingston (blue) are shown for a one-hour period starting at January 27, 2025 12:00:00 UTC. The Virgo frequency-dependent calibration uncertainty is shown for a one-month period starting at September 10, 2024 00:00:00 UTC. The magnitude of the c… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Virgo frequency-dependent calibration uncertainty for each month of O4b. The magnitude and the phase uncertainties are stable from one month to an other. 4.2. Data-quality Flags Data-quality flags are used to identify periods during which the strain data are affected by data-quality issues. These flags are used by analysis pipelines to exclude or down-weight compromised data segments. Flags are classified in order o… view at source ↗

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Forward citations

Cited by 9 Pith papers

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    gr-qc 2026-08 accept novelty 4.0 of 10

    No gravitational-wave signal was found from boson clouds around two black hole merger remnants, and three high-spin binaries exclude scalar and vector boson masses near 10^-13 eV at 90 percent confidence.

Reference graph

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Pith tools

Reviewed June 29, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.