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First-order Phase Transition interpretation of PTA signal produces solar-mass Black Holes

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arxiv 2307.04239 v2 pith:GQCEAO3A submitted 2023-07-09 hep-ph astro-ph.COgr-qc

First-order Phase Transition interpretation of PTA signal produces solar-mass Black Holes

classification hep-ph astro-ph.COgr-qc
keywords phasetransitionblackdetectedfirst-orderholespbhssgwb
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We perform a Bayesian analysis of NANOGrav 15yr and IPTA DR2 pulsar timing residuals and show that the recently detected stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) is compatible with a SGWB produced by bubble dynamics during a cosmological first-order phase transition. The timing data suggests that the phase transition would occur around QCD confinement temperature and would have a slow rate of completion. This scenario can naturally lead to the abundant production of primordial black holes (PBHs) with solar masses. These PBHs can potentially be detected by current and advanced gravitational wave detectors LIGO-Virgo-Kagra, Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, by astrometry with GAIA and by 21-cm survey.

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Cited by 12 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Can the universe be matter-dominated after a supercooled first-order phase transition?

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0

    After a supercooled first-order phase transition, the scalar field's equation of state is set by the bubble-wall Lorentz factor γ*, and matter domination is delayed until a/a* ≃ γ* in the free-streaming limit.

  2. Primordial black holes spin from cosmological first-order phase transitions

    astro-ph.CO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    The paper derives a quantitative relationship showing that the Kerr parameter a_* of PBHs from first-order phase transitions increases with latent heat α and decreases with transition rate β, reaching typical values o...

  3. Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Reheating: The Scalar-Induced Component

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.

  4. Primordial black holes spin from cosmological first-order phase transitions

    astro-ph.CO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Derives quantitative relation between PBH Kerr parameter a* and phase-transition parameters α and β, finding typical a* ~ 10^{-3} without assuming Gaussian perturbations.

  5. Neutron Portal and Dark Matter-Baryon Coincidence: from UV Completion to Phenomenology

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A UV-complete neutron portal model dynamically solves the dark matter-baryon coincidence via a supercooled dark confinement transition that generates GeV-scale asymmetric DM and links to observed gravitational waves.

  6. Curvature Perturbations from First-Order Phase Transitions: Implications to Black Holes and Gravitational Waves

    hep-ph 2025-03 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Covariant analysis of curvature perturbations from first-order phase transitions reveals gauge-dependent overestimation of primordial black holes and gravitational waves in prior non-covariant calculations, leading to...

  7. Primordial Black Holes from Slow Phase Transitions with Delayed Reheating: A Peak-Theory Approach

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    PBH production from slow phase transitions with delayed reheating is modeled via peak theory and Monte Carlo simulations, showing extreme sensitivity to reheating efficiency and potential to explain all dark matter.

  8. Constraints on the inflationary vacuum and reheating era from NANOGrav

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    NANOGrav data favors a blue-tilted tensor spectrum with nt ≈ 2.2, radiation-dominated reheating, and alpha-vacuum states over standard Bunch-Davies, with a frequency-dependent alpha suggested to resolve the blue-tilt tension.

  9. Thermodynamical uncertainties for primordial black holes from cosmological phase transitions

    hep-ph 2025-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    A state-of-the-art thermodynamic analysis of supercooled phase transitions yields a universal lower bound β/H_* ≃ 5 and shows that viable PBH dark-matter parameter space in classically conformal gauge-Higgs theories i...

  10. Numerical simulations of density perturbation and gravitational wave production from cosmological first-order phase transition

    hep-ph 2025-02 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    3D simulations of cosmological first-order phase transitions find density perturbation spectra with k^3 and k^{-1.5} slopes and GW spectra with k^3 and k^{-2}, confirming slow transitions can produce PBHs.

  11. Supercooled Phase Transitions with Radiative Symmetry Breaking

    hep-ph 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 3.0

    Reviews a model-independent method using perturbative effective actions to compute properties of supercooled first-order phase transitions in radiatively symmetry-broken models.

  12. Supercooled Phase Transitions with Radiative Symmetry Breaking

    hep-ph 2026-02 conditional novelty 2.0

    Supercooled phase transitions from radiative symmetry breaking can be described, at leading and next-to-leading order, by formulas depending only on three or four parameters (χ0, β̄, g, and g̃ at NLO).