pith. sign in

arxiv: 2607.01947 · v1 · pith:HWBA5OSQnew · submitted 2026-07-02 · ❄️ cond-mat.supr-con · cond-mat.str-el

Fermiology and spin polarization of topological surface states in PtBi₂

Anders Christian Mathisen , Xin Liang Tan , Stefanie Suzanne Brinkman , Kristian M{\ae}land , Fabian G\"ohler , {\O}yvind Finnseth , Grigory Shipunov , Falk Pabst
show 7 more authors
Manuel Alonso Lemos Balasubramanian Thiagarajan Craig Polley Bj\"orn Trauzettel Anna Isaeva Jorge I. Facio Hendrik Bentmann
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-07-03 04:05 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
keywords PtBi2Fermi arcstopological surface statesspin polarizationtopological superconductivityARPESsurface termination
0
0 comments X

The pith

The Fermi arcs in PtBi₂ are singly degenerate and spin-polarized, establishing their nontrivial topology.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper applies spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to the surface states of PtBi₂. It finds that the Fermi arcs appear singly degenerate and carry clear spin polarization. These properties together establish that the arcs possess nontrivial topology. The same measurements also show that the arc dispersion changes with surface termination to produce either nearly flat or linear bands. Such spin texture and termination control supply necessary ingredients for topological superconductivity to appear in this material.

Core claim

Using spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the Fermi arcs in PtBi₂ are singly degenerate and spin-polarized, which establishes their nontrivial topology and constitutes a necessary condition for topological superconductivity. We further uncover a pronounced surface-termination dependence of the Fermi-arc dispersion, yielding either nearly flat or approximately linear bands in agreement with first-principles calculations.

What carries the argument

Spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy that measures single degeneracy and spin polarization of the Fermi-arc surface states.

If this is right

  • Single degeneracy combined with spin polarization confirms the nontrivial topology of the arcs.
  • This topology supplies a necessary condition for topological superconductivity to emerge in PtBi₂.
  • Surface termination tunes the Fermi-arc bandwidth between nearly flat and approximately linear dispersions.
  • The observed spin texture and bandwidth control together identify key ingredients for topological superconductivity.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Surface termination engineering could be used to adjust the conditions under which topological superconductivity appears.
  • Similar spin-resolved measurements on related layered compounds might identify additional candidates with comparable arc properties.
  • If topological superconductivity is realized, the spin-polarized arcs would be the likely location for protected boundary modes.

Load-bearing premise

That the measured singly degenerate and spin-polarized bands are the topological Fermi-arc surface states and not trivial states or measurement artifacts.

What would settle it

Observation of spin-degenerate or doubly degenerate bands at the reported Fermi-arc locations would contradict the topological assignment.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.01947 by Anders Christian Mathisen, Anna Isaeva, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Bj\"orn Trauzettel, Craig Polley, Fabian G\"ohler, Falk Pabst, Grigory Shipunov, Hendrik Bentmann, Jorge I. Facio, Kristian M{\ae}land, Manuel Alonso Lemos, {\O}yvind Finnseth, Stefanie Suzanne Brinkman, Xin Liang Tan.

Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. Same as Fig. 1 for the KL surface termination and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. High resolution ARPES data along Γ-M through the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. (a) Constant energy cut at the Fermi level for the DH termination with spin resolved energy distribution curves. The [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_4.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Layered PtBi$_2$ is a candidate for topological superconductivity arising in Fermi-arc surface states. Using spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the Fermi arcs in PtBi$_2$ are singly degenerate and spin-polarized, which establishes their nontrivial topology and constitutes a necessary condition for topological superconductivity. We further uncover a pronounced surface-termination dependence of the Fermi-arc dispersion, yielding either nearly flat or approximately linear bands in agreement with first-principles calculations. Together, the observed spin polarization and termination-dependent bandwidth of the Fermi-arc surface states identify key ingredients underlying the potential emergence of topological superconductivity in PtBi$_2$.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (SARPES) measurements on layered PtBi₂, claiming that the Fermi-arc surface states are singly degenerate and spin-polarized. This is presented as establishing their nontrivial topology and as a necessary condition for topological superconductivity. The work additionally reports a strong surface-termination dependence of the arc dispersion (nearly flat or linear), in agreement with first-principles calculations.

Significance. If the assignment of the observed states as topological Fermi arcs is robust, the result would supply direct experimental support for the topological character of surface states in a candidate topological superconductor and would highlight termination dependence as a control parameter. The spin-polarization data and termination-dependent bandwidth measurements constitute concrete experimental inputs that could be used to test models of topological superconductivity.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The central claim equates observation of singly degenerate, spin-polarized surface bands with establishment of nontrivial topology. This interpretation rests on agreement with DFT calculations and termination dependence rather than an independent experimental verification of bulk-boundary correspondence (e.g., explicit kz dispersion or surface spectral-function comparison that would falsify a trivial Rashba-like assignment). No quantitative details on energy/momentum resolution, background subtraction, or spin-resolution calibration are supplied to support the single-degeneracy assertion.
  2. [Results] Results (SARPES data presentation): The manuscript does not describe a concrete test that would exclude matrix-element effects or residual bulk contributions capable of producing apparently singly degenerate spin textures within experimental resolution. Because this step is load-bearing for the topology assignment, the lack of such a falsification criterion weakens the link between the measured spin polarization and the claimed nontrivial topology.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract would benefit from a brief quantitative statement of data quality (e.g., energy resolution, spin asymmetry magnitude) to allow readers to assess the single-degeneracy claim.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their detailed and constructive comments on our manuscript. We address each major comment below and indicate the revisions made to the manuscript.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: The central claim equates observation of singly degenerate, spin-polarized surface bands with establishment of nontrivial topology. This interpretation rests on agreement with DFT calculations and termination dependence rather than an independent experimental verification of bulk-boundary correspondence (e.g., explicit kz dispersion or surface spectral-function comparison that would falsify a trivial Rashba-like assignment). No quantitative details on energy/momentum resolution, background subtraction, or spin-resolution calibration are supplied to support the single-degeneracy assertion.

    Authors: The nontrivial topology is inferred from the experimental observation of singly degenerate, spin-polarized Fermi-arc states whose dispersion depends on surface termination in a manner that agrees with our DFT calculations, consistent with the bulk-boundary correspondence. We acknowledge the value of providing quantitative experimental details and will add information on energy/momentum resolution, background subtraction, and spin-resolution calibration to the revised manuscript. Explicit kz dispersion measurements are not straightforward in this system due to its layered structure and limited kz resolution in ARPES, but the termination dependence provides an experimental distinction from bulk or trivial Rashba states. revision: partial

  2. Referee: [Results] Results (SARPES data presentation): The manuscript does not describe a concrete test that would exclude matrix-element effects or residual bulk contributions capable of producing apparently singly degenerate spin textures within experimental resolution. Because this step is load-bearing for the topology assignment, the lack of such a falsification criterion weakens the link between the measured spin polarization and the claimed nontrivial topology.

    Authors: In the revised manuscript, we will expand the Results section to include a discussion of matrix-element effects and potential bulk contributions. We will explain that the pronounced surface-termination dependence of the arc dispersion, which matches calculations only for surface states, serves as evidence against dominant bulk contributions. Furthermore, the consistency of the spin polarization across different measurement geometries helps mitigate concerns about matrix elements. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: experimental measurements reported directly

full rationale

The paper is an experimental SARPES study reporting measured spin polarization, degeneracy, and termination-dependent dispersions of surface states in PtBi2. The central claim equates these observations with nontrivial topology via agreement with external first-principles calculations, but no derivation chain, fitted parameters renamed as predictions, self-definitional steps, or load-bearing self-citations are present. The measurements stand as independent data; interpretation relies on comparison to separate DFT results rather than reducing to the paper's own inputs by construction. This is the expected non-finding for pure experimental reporting.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on standard domain assumptions of the ARPES technique and the conventional link between spin polarization plus single degeneracy and nontrivial topology; no free parameters or new entities are introduced.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy can reliably determine spin polarization and band degeneracy of surface states.
    Invoked implicitly when the abstract equates the measured properties with nontrivial topology.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5709 in / 1189 out tokens · 51116 ms · 2026-07-03T04:05:49.194913+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

58 extracted references · 6 canonical work pages · 3 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    Keimer and J

    B. Keimer and J. E. Moore, The physics of quantum materials, Nat. Phys.13, 1045 (2017)

    2017

  2. [2]

    Frolov, M

    S. Frolov, M. Manfra, and J. Sau, Topological supercon- ductivity in hybrid devices, Nat. Phys.16, 718 (2020)

    2020

  3. [3]

    B. A. Bernevig, C. Felser, and H. Beidenkopf, Progress and prospects in magnetic topological materials, Nature 603, 41 (2022)

    2022

  4. [4]

    Di Sante, T

    D. Di Sante, T. Neupert, G. Sangiovanni, R. Thomale, R. Comin, I. Zeljkovic, J. G. Checkelsky, and S. D. Wil- son, Kagome metals, arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.12731 (2025)

    work page arXiv 2025

  5. [5]

    Nayak, S

    C. Nayak, S. H. Simon, A. Stern, M. Freedman, and S. Das Sarma, Non-abelian anyons and topological quan- tum computation, Rev. Mod. Phys.80, 1083 (2008)

    2008

  6. [6]

    Sato and Y

    M. Sato and Y. Ando, Topological superconductors: a review, Rep. Prog. Phys.80, 076501 (2017)

    2017

  7. [7]

    Fu and C

    L. Fu and C. L. Kane, Superconducting proximity effect and majorana fermions at the surface of a topological insulator, Phys. Rev. Lett.100, 096407 (2008)

    2008

  8. [8]

    Kobayashi and M

    S. Kobayashi and M. Sato, Topological superconductivity in dirac semimetals, Phys. Rev. Lett.115, 187001 (2015)

    2015

  9. [9]

    S. H. Lee, Y. Qian, and B.-J. Yang, Fermi surface spin texture and topological superconductivity in spin-orbit free noncollinear antiferromagnets, Phys. Rev. Lett.132, 196602 (2024)

    2024

  10. [10]

    Mandal, N

    M. Mandal, N. C. Drucker, P. Siriviboon, T. Nguyen, A. Boonkird, T. N. Lamichhane, R. Okabe, A. Chotrat- tanapituk, and M. Li, Topological superconductors from a materials perspective, Chem. Mater.35, 6184 (2023)

    2023

  11. [11]

    Kuibarov, O

    A. Kuibarov, O. Suvorov, R. Vocaturo, A. Fedorov, R. Lou, L. Merkwitz, V. Voroshnin, J. I. Facio, K. Koepernik, A. Yaresko, G. Shipunov, S. Aswartham, J. v. d. Brink, B. B¨ uchner, and S. Borisenko, Evidence of superconducting Fermi arcs, Nature626, 294 (2024)

    2024

  12. [12]

    Changdar, O

    S. Changdar, O. Suvorov, A. Kuibarov, S. Thirupatha- iah, G. Shipunov, S. Aswartham, S. Wurmehl, I. Ko- valchuk, K. Koepernik, C. Timm, B. B¨ uchner, I. C. Fulga, S. Borisenko, and J. v. d. Brink, Topological nodal i-wave superconductivity in PtBi 2, Nature647, 613 (2025)

    2025

  13. [13]

    Schimmel, Y

    S. Schimmel, Y. Fasano, S. Hoffmann, J. Besproswanny, L. T. Corredor Bohorquez, J. Puig, B.-C. Elshalem, B. Kalisky, G. Shipunov, D. Baumann, S. Aswartham, B. B¨ uchner, and C. Hess, Surface superconductivity in the topological Weyl semimetal t-PtBi 2, Nat. Commun. 15, 9895 (2024)

    2024

  14. [14]

    Huang, L

    X. Huang, L. Zhao, S. Schimmel, J. Besproswanny, P. H¨ artl, C. Hess, B. B¨ uchner, and M. Bode, Sizable superconducting gap and anisotropic chiral topological superconductivity in the weyl semimetal ptbi 2, arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.13843 (2025)

    work page arXiv 2025

  15. [15]

    Nomani and P

    A. Nomani and P. Hosur, Intrinsic surface superconduct- ing instability in type-I Weyl semimetals, Phys. Rev. B 108, 165144 (2023)

    2023

  16. [16]

    X. Bai, W. LiMing, and T. Zhou, Superconductivity in Weyl semimetals with time reversal symmetry, New J. Phys.27, 013003 (2025)

    2025

  17. [17]

    Trama, V

    M. Trama, V. K¨ onye, I. C. Fulga, and J. van den Brink, Self-consistent surface superconductivity in time-reversal symmetric Weyl semimetals, Phys. Rev. B112, 064514 (2025)

    2025

  18. [18]

    H. Waje, F. Jakubczyk, J. van den Brink, and C. Timm, Ginzburg-Landau theory for unconventional surface su- perconductivity in PtBi 2, Phys. Rev. B112, 144519 (2025)

    2025

  19. [19]

    Mæland, M

    K. Mæland, M. Bahari, and B. Trauzettel, Phonon- mediated intrinsic topological superconductivity in Fermi arcs, Phys. Rev. B112, 104507 (2025)

    2025

  20. [20]

    Mechanism for Nodal Topological Superconductivity on PtBi$_2$ Surface

    K. Mæland, G. Sangiovanni, and B. Trauzettel, Mech- anism for nodal topological superconductivity on PtBi 2 surface (2025), arXiv:2512.09994 [cond-mat.supr-con]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2025

  21. [21]

    Huang, Z

    J. Huang, Z. D. Wang, and T. Zhou, Higher-order topo- logical superconductivity in type-II time-reversal sym- metric Weyl semimetals with a hybrid pairing, Phys. Rev. B113, 054523 (2026)

    2026

  22. [22]

    Phonon-driven nodal surface superconductivity of Fermi arcs

    F. Buccheri, A. de Martino, and J. v. d. Brink, Phonon- driven nodal surface superconductivity of Fermi arcs, arXiv:2606.02371 (2026)

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2026

  23. [23]

    Kohn-Luttinger Superconductivity of Weyl Fermi Arcs in PtBi$_2$

    R. Dsouza, N. Parthenios, B. M. Andersen, and M. H. Christensen, Kohn-Luttinger Superconductivity of Weyl Fermi Arcs in PtBi 2, arXiv:2605.31501 (2026)

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2026

  24. [24]

    Kaiser, A

    M. Kaiser, A. I. Baranov, and M. Ruck, Bi 2Pt(hP9) by low-temperature reduction of Bi 13Pt3I7: Reinvestigation of the crystal structure and chemical bonding analysis, Z. anorg. allg. Chem.640, 2742 (2014)

    2014

  25. [25]

    Y. Feng, Q. Jiang, B. Feng, M. Yang, T. Xu, W. Liu, X. Yang, M. Arita, E. F. Schwier, K. Shimada, H. O. Jeschke, R. Thomale, Y. Shi, X. Wu, S. Xiao, S. Qiao, and S. He, Rashba-like spin splitting along three momen- tum directions in trigonal layered PtBi 2, Nat. Commun. 10, 4765 (2019)

    2019

  26. [26]

    Shipunov, I

    G. Shipunov, I. Kovalchuk, B. R. Piening, V. Labracherie, A. Veyrat, D. Wolf, A. Lubk, S. Subakti, R. Giraud, J. Dufouleur, S. Shokri, F. Caglieris, C. Hess, D. V. Efremov, B. B¨ uchner, and S. Aswartham, Poly- morphic ptbi 2: Growth, structure, and superconducting properties, Phys. Rev. Mater.4, 124202 (2020)

    2020

  27. [27]

    Veyrat, V

    A. Veyrat, V. Labracherie, D. L. Bashlakov, F. Caglieris, J. I. Facio, G. Shipunov, T. Charvin, R. Acharya, 7 Y. Naidyuk, R. Giraud, J. van den Brink, B. B¨ uchner, C. Hess, S. Aswartham, and J. Dufouleur, Berezin- skii–Kosterlitz–Thouless Transition in the Type-I Weyl Semimetal PtBi2, Nano Lett.23, 1229 (2023)

    2023

  28. [28]

    Jiang, F

    W. Jiang, F. Zhu, P. Li, Y. Li, G. Wang, Q. Jing, W. Gao, M. Tian, J. Ma, W. Zhang, W. Luo, and D. Qian, Elec- tronic structure of non-centrosymmetric PtBi 2 studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, J. Appl. Phys.128, 135103 (2020)

    2020

  29. [29]

    Vocaturo, K

    R. Vocaturo, K. Koepernik, J. I. Facio, C. Timm, I. C. Fulga, O. Janson, and J. van den Brink, Electronic structure of the surface-superconducting Weyl semimetal PtBi2, Phys. Rev. B110, 054504 (2024)

    2024

  30. [30]

    Biswas and K

    T. Biswas and K. Schubert, Strukturuntersuchungen in den mischungen Pt-Tl-Pb und Pt-Pb-Bi, J. Less- Common Met.19, 223 (1969)

    1969

  31. [31]

    X. Yang, H. Bai, Z. Wang, Y. Li, Q. Chen, J. Chen, Y. Li, C. Feng, Y. Zheng, and Z.-a. Xu, Giant linear magneto- resistance in nonmagnetic PtBi 2, Appl. Phys. Lett.108, 252401 (2016)

    2016

  32. [32]

    Q. Yao, Y. P. Du, X. J. Yang, Y. Zheng, D. F. Xu, X. H. Niu, X. P. Shen, H. F. Yang, P. Dudin, T. K. Kim, M. Hoesch, I. Vobornik, Z.-A. Xu, X. G. Wan, D. L. Feng, and D. W. Shen, Bulk and surface electronic structure of hexagonal structured PtBi2 studied by angle- resolved photoemission spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. B94, 235140 (2016)

    2016

  33. [33]

    Thirupathaiah, Y

    S. Thirupathaiah, Y. Kushnirenko, E. Haubold, A. V. Fedorov, E. D. L. Rienks, T. K. Kim, A. N. Yaresko, C. G. F. Blum, S. Aswartham, B. B¨ uchner, and S. V. Borisenko, Possible origin of linear magnetoresistance: Observation of Dirac surface states in layered PtBi 2, Phys. Rev. B97, 035133 (2018)

    2018

  34. [34]

    W. Gao, X. Zhu, F. Zheng, M. Wu, J. Zhang, C. Xi, P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, N. Hao, W. Ning, and M. Tian, A possible candidate for triply degenerate point fermions in trigonal layered PtBi 2, Nat. Commun.9, 3249 (2018)

    2018

  35. [35]

    J. Wang, X. Chen, Y. Zhou, C. An, Y. Zhou, C. Gu, M. Tian, and Z. Yang, Pressure-induced superconductiv- ity in trigonal layered PtBi2 with triply degenerate point fermions, Phys. Rev. B103, 014507 (2021)

    2021

  36. [36]

    D. L. Bashlakov, O. E. Kvitnitskaya, G. Shipunov, S. Aswartham, O. D. Feya, D. V. Efremov, B. B¨ uchner, and Y. G. Naidyuk, Electron-phonon interaction and point contact enhanced superconductivity in trigonal PtBi2, Low Temp. Phys.48, 747 (2022)

    2022

  37. [37]

    See Supplemental Material at [URL to be inserted by publisher]

  38. [38]

    Koepernik and H

    K. Koepernik and H. Eschrig, Full-potential nonorthog- onal local-orbital minimum-basis band-structure scheme, Phys. Rev. B59, 1743 (1999)

    1999

  39. [39]

    J. P. Perdew, K. Burke, and M. Ernzerhof, Generalized gradient approximation made simple, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1396 (1997)

    1997

  40. [40]

    Koepernik, O

    K. Koepernik, O. Janson, Y. Sun, and J. van den Brink, Symmetry-conserving maximally projected Wan- nier functions, Phys. Rev. B107, 235135 (2023)

    2023

  41. [41]

    O’Leary, Z

    E. O’Leary, Z. Li, L.-L. Wang, B. Schrunk, A. Eaton, P. C. Canfield, and A. Kaminski, Topography of Fermi arcs int-PtBi 2 using high-resolution angle-resolved pho- toemission spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. B112, 085154 (2025)

    2025

  42. [42]

    Hoffmann, S

    S. Hoffmann, S. Schimmel, R. Vocaturo, J. Puig, G. Shipunov, O. Janson, S. Aswartham, D. Baumann, B. B¨ uchner, J. v. d. Brink,et al., Fermi arcs dominating the electronic surface properties of trigonal PtBi 2, Adv. Phys. Res.4, 2400150 (2025)

    2025

  43. [43]

    Kuibarov, S

    A. Kuibarov, S. Changdar, A. Fedorov, R. Lou, O. Suvorov, V. Misheneva, L. Harnagea, I. Kovalchuk, S. Wurmehl, B. B¨ uchner, and S. Borisenko, Measur- ing superconducting arcs by angle-resolved photoemis- sion spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. B112, 144518 (2025)

    2025

  44. [44]

    C.-H. Min, H. Bentmann, J. N. Neu, P. Eck, S. Moser, T. Figgemeier, M. ¨Unzelmann, K. Kissner, P. Lutz, R. J. Koch, C. Jozwiak, A. Bostwick, E. Rotenberg, R. Thomale, G. Sangiovanni, T. Siegrist, D. Di Sante, and F. Reinert, Orbital fingerprint of topological Fermi arcs in the Weyl semimetal TaP, Phys. Rev. Lett.122, 116402 (2019)

    2019

  45. [45]

    D. L. Bergman and G. Refael, Bulk metals with helical surface states, Phys. Rev. B82, 195417 (2010)

    2010

  46. [46]

    Seibel, H

    C. Seibel, H. Bentmann, J. Braun, J. Min´ ar, H. Maaß, K. Sakamoto, M. Arita, K. Shimada, H. Ebert, and F. Reinert, Connection of a topological surface state with the bulk continuum in Sb 2Te3(0001), Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 066802 (2015)

    2015

  47. [47]

    Kuibarov, S

    A. Kuibarov, S. Changdar, R. Vocaturo, O. Suvorov, A. Fedorov, R. Lou, M. Krivenkov, L. Harnagea, S. Wurmehl, J. v. d. Brink, B. B¨ uchner, and S. Borisenko, Three prerequisites for high-temperature superconduc- tivity in t-PtBi 2 (2025), arXiv:2509.02178 [cond-mat] version: 1

    work page arXiv 2025

  48. [48]

    D. J. Chadi, (110) surface states of GaAs: Sensitivity of electronic structure to surface structure, Phys. Rev. B 18, 1800 (1978)

    1978

  49. [49]

    Bertel, Symmetry of surface states, Phys

    E. Bertel, Symmetry of surface states, Phys. Rev. B50, 4925 (1994)

    1994

  50. [50]

    Bentmann, F

    H. Bentmann, F. Forster, G. Bihlmayer, E. Chulkov, L. Moreschini, M. Grioni, and F. Reinert, Origin and ma- nipulation of the rashba splitting in surface alloys, EPL 87, 37003 (2009)

    2009

  51. [51]

    Sun, S.-C

    Y. Sun, S.-C. Wu, and B. Yan, Topological surface states and Fermi arcs of the noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimet- als TaAs, TaP, NbAs, and NbP, Phys. Rev. B92, 115428 (2015)

    2015

  52. [52]

    Z.-H. Zhu, C. N. Veenstra, G. Levy, A. Ubaldini, P. Syers, N. P. Butch, J. Paglione, M. W. Haverkort, I. S. Elfimov, and A. Damascelli, Layer-by-layer entangled spin-orbital texture of the topological surface state in Bi 2Se3, Phys. Rev. Lett.110, 216401 (2013)

    2013

  53. [53]

    N. P. Armitage, E. J. Mele, and A. Vishwanath, Weyl and dirac semimetals in three-dimensional solids, Rev. Mod. Phys.90, 015001 (2018)

    2018

  54. [54]

    M. S. Scheurer, Mechanism, time-reversal symmetry, and topology of superconductivity in noncentrosymmet- ric systems, Phys. Rev. B93, 174509 (2016)

    2016

  55. [55]

    N. B. Kopnin, T. T. Heikkil¨ a, and G. E. Volovik, High-temperature surface superconductivity in topologi- cal flat-band systems, Phys. Rev. B83, 220503 (2011)

    2011

  56. [56]

    Peotta and P

    S. Peotta and P. T¨ orm¨ a, Superfluidity in topologically nontrivial flat bands, Nat. Commun.6, 8944 (2015)

    2015

  57. [57]

    Mæland and A

    K. Mæland and A. Sudbø, Exceeding the Chandrasekhar- Clogston limit in flat-band superconductors: A multi- band strong-coupling approach, Phys. Rev. B108, 214511 (2023)

    2023

  58. [58]

    Morel and P

    P. Morel and P. W. Anderson, Calculation of the Su- perconducting State Parameters with Retarded Electron- 8 Phonon Interaction, Phys. Rev.125, 1263 (1962)

    1962