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Golden Binary Gravitational-Wave Sources: Robust Probes of Strong-Field Gravity
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Space-born gravitational-wave interferometers such as {\it LISA} will detect the gravitational wave (GW) signal from the inspiral, plunge and ringdown phases of massive black hole binary mergers at cosmological distances. From the inspiral waves, we will be able to measure the masses of the binaries' members; from the ringdown waves, we will be able to measure the mass of the final merged remnant. A subset of detected events allow the identification of both the inspiral and the ringdown waveforms in a given source, and thus allow a measurement of the total mass-energy lost to GWs over the coalescence, $M_{\rm GW}$. We define ``golden'' binary mergers to be those with measurement errors likely to be small enough for a physically useful determination of $M_{\rm GW}$. A detailed sensitivity study, combined with simple black hole population models, suggests that a few golden binary mergers may be detected during a 3-year {\it LISA} mission lifetime. Any such mass deficit measurement would constitute a robust and valuable observational test of strong-field relativistic gravity. An extension of this concept to include spin measurements may allow a direct empirical test of the black hole area theorem.
Forward citations
Cited by 8 Pith papers
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A mixture-model framework for combining gravitational-wave tests of General Relativity yields Bayes factors of 10-20 favoring GR, substantially lower than existing methods that assume uniform deviations across events.
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GW250114 data confirm the remnant is consistent with a Kerr black hole and bound the dominant quadrupolar mode frequency to within a few percent of the GR prediction, with constraints tighter than prior multi-event catalogs.
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Hawking area law in quantum gravity
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GW250114: testing Hawking's area law and the Kerr nature of black holes
GW250114 data confirm the remnant black hole ringdown frequencies lie within 30% of Kerr predictions and that the final horizon area is larger than the sum of the progenitors' areas to high credibility.
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Tests of General Relativity with Binary Black Holes from the second LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog
No evidence for deviations from general relativity is found in LIGO-Virgo binary black hole events, with improved constraints on waveform parameters, graviton mass, and ringdown properties.
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Compactness Inference in Gravitational-Wave Mergers with PhenomDECO: Catalog Benchmarks and Robustness Diagnostics
Compactness inference on GWTC-3 events confirms consistency with binary black hole sources after frequency-cut diagnostics show low-compactness modes are noise artifacts.
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Compactness Inference in Gravitational-Wave Mergers with PhenomDECO: Catalog Benchmarks and Robustness Diagnostics
PhenomDECO analysis of GWTC-3 events finds all considered signals consistent with binary black holes once low-frequency noise effects are addressed via higher starting frequencies.
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