Pith. sign in

REVIEW 26 cited by

First principles determination of bubble wall velocity

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2204.13120 v1 pith:JJQOJWRI submitted 2022-04-27 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

classification hep-phastro-ph.CO
keywords velocitywallbubbleequationsboltzmanndescribingequationfluid
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

0 comments
abstract

The terminal wall velocity of a first-order phase transition bubble can be calculated from a set of fluid equations describing the scalar fields and the plasma's state. We rederive these equations from the energy-momentum tensor conservation and the Boltzmann equation, without linearizing in the background temperature and fluid velocity. The resulting equations have a finite solution for any wall velocity. We propose a spectral method to integrate the Boltzmann equation, which is simple, efficient and accurate. As an example, we apply this new methodology to the singlet scalar extension of the standard model. We find that all solutions are naturally categorized as deflagrations ($v_w\sim c_s$) or ultrarelativistic detonations ($\gamma_w\gtrsim10$). Furthermore, the contributions from out-of-equilibrium effects are, most of the time, subdominant. Finally, we use these results to propose several approximation schemes with increasing levels of complexity and accuracy. They can be used to considerably simplify the methodology while correctly describing the qualitative behavior of the bubble wall.

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 26 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Can the universe be matter-dominated after a supercooled first-order phase transition?

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    After a supercooled first-order phase transition, the scalar field's equation of state is set by the bubble-wall Lorentz factor γ*, and matter domination is delayed until a/a* ≃ γ* in the free-streaming limit.

  2. Scalar damping in cosmological phase transitions

    hep-ph 2025-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    The scalar damping coefficient in the hydrodynamic friction term is extracted from kinetic theory for SM-like plasmas, and the runaway-wall pressure is found to bound the local friction from above.

  3. Bubble velocities in local equilibrium from a pseudopotential

    hep-ph 2025-11 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Terminal bubble-wall velocities in local equilibrium can be found by requiring degenerate minima of a field-only pseudopotential, avoiding scalar equations of motion and profile or equation-of-state assumptions.

  4. Entropy production at electroweak bubble walls from scalar field fluctuations

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Scalar fluctuations produce a nonvanishing entropy discontinuity across an electroweak bubble wall even in the zero-friction limit, showing LTE-based wall velocity upper bounds cannot be saturated.

  5. Multi-step Strong First-Order Electroweak Phase Transitions in the Inverted Type-I 2HDM: Parameter Space, Gravitational Waves, and Collider Phenomenology

    hep-ph 2025-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    In the inverted Type-I 2HDM, one-step and two-step strong first-order electroweak phase transitions live in largely separate parameter regions, and LISA-detectable gravitational wave signals come predominantly from th...

  6. Phase Transitions in Dimensional Reduction up to Three Loops

    hep-ph 2025-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    In a toy complex-scalar model, 1-loop dimension-6 matching corrections compete with 2-loop quartic corrections and dominate 3-loop thermal-mass corrections for strong phase transitions.

  7. Bubble wall dynamics from nonequilibrium quantum field theory

    hep-ph 2025-04 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    The conventional kinetic equation of motion for bubble walls is incomplete, missing a condensate self-energy term that produces additional friction from particle production, mixing, and transition radiation.

  8. Steady-state bubbles beyond local thermal equilibrium

    astro-ph.CO 2024-11 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A new matching condition that includes entropy production reveals that fast detonation bubble walls and slower deflagration walls can both be stable, with the fast solution typically winning in practice.

  9. Consistent Thermal Resummation and Phase Transitions with 2PI Methods

    hep-ph 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A 2PI-Hartree effective potential for two mixing scalars is renormalized and used to show that self-consistent thermal resummation can substantially alter predicted phase transition strengths and gravitational wave spectra.

  10. Systematic derivation of the Boltzmann equation for electroweak baryogenesis

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A Kadanoff-Baym derivation yields Boltzmann equations with self-energy-corrected quasiparticle shells, adding a CP-violating velocity and force correction for fermions and none for bosons.

  11. Benchmarking wall velocities in cosmological phase transitions: Fluid Ansatz and WallGo

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The fluid-Ansatz and WallGo methods agree for mild phase transitions but diverge by tens of percent for strong ones, where the semi-classical approximation itself may break down.

  12. Thermal Masses and Bubble-Wall Friction in Cosmological Phase Transitions

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Including thermal masses in both the Boltzmann source and collision terms removes the infrared gauge-boson enhancement, making W-boson friction subleading in the singlet-extended Standard Model.

  13. Strong First-Order Electroweak Phase Transitions and Gravitational Waves in the Normal Two-Higgs-Doublet Model: A Comparative Study of the Four Yukawa Types and Thermal Resummation Schemes

    hep-ph 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    In the Normal 2HDM, SFOEWPTs are single-step and alignment-favoring across all four Yukawa types, yet Parwani versus Arnold–Espinosa resummation changes the viable heavy-mass range from ~1.6 TeV to ≲800 GeV and leaves...

  14. Probing Flavour Deconstruction via Primordial Gravitational Waves

    hep-ph 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Flavour deconstruction phase transitions can generate detectable gravitational waves, but their spectra typically peak above the millihertz range, making LISA detection possible yet not guaranteed.

  15. Dark Sector Electroweak Baryogenesis In Light Of The Galactic Center Excess

    hep-ph 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A dark-sector electroweak baryogenesis model with a ~50 GeV fermionic dark matter candidate can simultaneously match the baryon asymmetry, the dark matter relic density, and (at ~2 sigma) the galactic center gamma-ray...

  16. Electroweak Phase Transition and Bubble Wall Velocity in Local Thermal Equilibrium

    hep-ph 2025-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Bubble wall velocities in local thermal equilibrium are computed for three BSM models and found to be nearly universal when expressed via the critical temperature and supercooling, with only deflagration solutions.

  17. The Discriminant Power of Bubble Wall Velocities: Gravitational Waves and Electroweak Baryogenesis

    hep-ph 2025-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Using entropy conservation in local thermal equilibrium, the authors compute bubble wall velocities in singlet-extended models and find a near-universal relation between phase transition strength measures, with conseq...

  18. Cosmological phase transitions from the functional measure

    hep-ph 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In the minimal modified functional measure model, a logarithmic scalar-potential correction can make the electroweak transition strongly first order, and future gravitational-wave observatories could probe the Higgs t...

  19. Gravitational waves from color restoration in a leptoquark model of radiative neutrino masses

    hep-ph 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    First numerical study of color-restoration phase transitions in a radiative neutrino mass leptoquark model, predicting LISA/BBO/DECIGO-detectable gravitational waves for leptoquark masses near 1.5 TeV.

  20. Bubble dynamics in a QCD-like phase diagram

    hep-th 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Holographic simulations show supercooled bubble walls in a QCD-like fluid reach at most about 0.13 times light speed, while superheated walls reach only about 0.03.

  21. Electroweak Baryogenesis: Advances in Sphaleron Rate Calculations and Implications of Thermal Phase Transitions

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Sphaleron rates can be computed gauge-invariantly in 3D thermal EFT, yielding a new baryon-washout criterion x = lambda3/g3^2 that replaces v_c/T_c > 1 for electroweak baryogenesis.

  22. The Bubble Wall Velocity in Local Thermal Equilibrium and Energy Budget with Full Effective Potential

    hep-ph 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Using the full one-loop effective potential with the LTE approximation, the authors find that for xSM deflagration, bag-model gravitational wave peak predictions can differ by up to 48% in frequency and 90% in amplitu...

  23. Imprints of Early Universe Cosmology on Gravitational Waves

    hep-ph 2024-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Energy injection into a hidden sector can produce three phase transitions and a three-peak gravitational wave spectrum with a distinctive peak-frequency hierarchy detectable by future space-based observatories.

  24. Perturbative gravitational wave predictions for the real-scalar extended Standard Model

    hep-ph 2024-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    At next-to-next-to-leading order, gravitational wave predictions for the real-scalar singlet extension of the Standard Model appear to converge for typical parameters, but break down for the strongest, observable signals.

  25. Can a secluded self-interacting dark sector generate detectable gravitational waves?

    hep-ph 2025-02 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    In a secluded self-interacting dark sector with a dark U(1)' and dark radiation, existing Neff and Lyman-alpha limits remove nearly all gravitational-wave-detectable parameter space; one charge assignment keeps a smal...

  26. Populating dark sectors with relativistic bubble walls

    hep-ph 2024-12 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    Relativistic bubble walls can pair-produce dark matter much heavier than the phase transition scale, which then free-streams as warm dark matter.

Pith tools