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arxiv 2504.20834 v4 pith:KBUZH7ZM submitted 2025-04-29 cs.LG cs.AI

Token-Efficient RL for LLM Reasoning

classification cs.LG cs.AI
keywords methodsloramemoryoptimizationpolicyreasoningtoken-leveltraining
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We propose reinforcement learning (RL) strategies tailored for reasoning in large language models (LLMs) under strict memory and compute limits, with a particular focus on compatibility with LoRA fine-tuning. Building on early policy gradient methods with baseline subtraction, we design critic-free methods that operate on a small, informative subset of output tokens to reduce memory usage and stabilize training. We introduce S-GRPO, a stochastic variant of Group Relative Policy Optimization, and T-SPMO, a token-level prefix matching approach for fine-grained credit assignment. Applied to Qwen2-1.5B, our methods raise accuracy on the SVAMP benchmark from 46% to over 70% and show strong performance on multi-digit multiplication. Surprisingly, full-token GRPO under LoRA fails to improve over the base model, suggesting that selective token-level optimization may act as an implicit regularizer in low-parameter training regimes.

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  1. ARCA: Adapter-Residual Credit Assignment When Token Signals Degenerate

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    ARCA assigns token credit in LoRA-based LLM RL from the norm of adapter-induced hidden state changes, yielding non-degenerate distributions and competitive performance on MATH tasks with Qwen3-1.7B under GRPO.