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arxiv 1011.6142 v2 pith:M2LW2RIB submitted 2010-11-29 astro-ph.HE nucl-th

Rapid Cooling of the Neutron Star in Cassiopeia A Triggered by Neutron Superfluidity in Dense Matter

Dany Page (1) , Madappa Prakash (2) , James M. Lattimer (3) , Andrew W. Steiner (4) ((1) Instituto de Astronomia , Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico , (2) Department of Physics , Astrononmy , Ohio University (3) Department of Physics
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Astronomy State University of New York at Stony Brook (4) Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory Department of Physics Michigan State University)
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classification astro-ph.HE nucl-th
keywords neutroncoolingstarcassiopeiacriticalobservedtemperaturealready
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We propose that the observed cooling of the neutron star in Cassiopeia A is due to enhanced neutrino emission from the recent onset of the breaking and formation of neutron Cooper pairs in the 3P2 channel. We find that the critical temperature for this superfluid transition is ~0.5x10^9 K. The observed rapidity of the cooling implies that protons were already in a superconducting state with a larger critical temperature. Our prediction that this cooling will continue for several decades at the present rate can be tested by continuous monitoring of this neutron star.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

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  1. Cooling of Hybrid Stars with a 2SC+$<dd>$ Phase

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    Hybrid stars containing the 2SC+<dd> phase cool more slowly than those with the 2SC phase because inherited 3P2 superfluidity suppresses quark beta decay, producing cooling curves close to the CFL case.

  2. Bayesian inferences on covariant density functionals from multimessenger astrophysical data: Influences of parametrizations of density dependent couplings

    astro-ph.HE 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Different parametrizations of density dependence in covariant density functionals produce significant variations in the high-density equation of state and symmetry energy, with rational-function forms providing flexib...

  3. Hybrid stars among mass gap objects are excluded by twin stars at $1.4\,M_\odot$

    astro-ph.HE 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Bayesian analysis of generic hybrid EOS with first-order deconfinement shows mass-gap hybrids require early transition and stiff quark matter, but data favor twins at 1.4 M_sun that exclude them.

  4. Cooling of Isolated Neutron Stars with Hyperon-mixed Kaon-Condensation Matter

    astro-ph.HE 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Strong proton superconductivity at high densities shuts down nucleon and hyperon direct Urca cooling, making kaon-induced Urca processes dominant and explaining cold massive neutron stars.

  5. Phase transitions in neutron stars and their links to gravitational waves

    astro-ph.HE 2019-07 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    Review of neutron star dense matter, hadron-quark phase transitions, and potential g-mode signatures in gravitational waves from multimessenger observations.