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Exotic Hadrons with Heavy Flavors -X, Y, Z and Related States-

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arxiv 1603.09229 v1 pith:MYVTRPIY submitted 2016-03-30 hep-ph hep-ex

classification hep-phhep-ex
keywords exotichadronsflavorssymmetrybeenbellebottombriefly
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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abstract

In the past decade, exotic hadrons with charm and bottom flavors have been extensively studied both in experiments and in theories. In this review, we provide topical discussions by selecting $X,Y,Z$ particles, to which Belle has made important contributions. These are $X(3872)$, $Y(4260)$, $Z_c(4430)^+$, $Z_c(3900)^+$, $Z_{b}(10610)^+$ and $Z_{b}(10650)^+$. Based on the current experimental observations, we discuss those states with emphasis on hadronic molecule whose dynamics is governed by chiral symmetry and heavy-quark symmetry of QCD. We also mention briefly various interpretations and some theoretical predictions for the yet undiscovered exotic hadrons.

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Cited by 21 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. A femtoscopic tale of two $C$-parities: the $Z_c(3900)$ and the isovector partner of the $X(3872)$

    hep-ph 2026-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Femtoscopic correlations of charged charm meson pairs mix C-odd and C-even interactions, giving a new experimental probe of the predicted W_c1 state and correcting earlier predictions.

  2. $D\bar{D}^\ast$-$\pi J/\psi$ scatterings of coupled channels for $Z_c(3900)$ channel

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Quark-exchange interactions at short distances dominate the coupled-channel scattering amplitudes for Zc(3900) over meson exchanges in an effective hadron-quark model.

  3. Prediction of $QQqq\bar{s}$ molecular pentaquarks within the extended local hidden gauge approach

    hep-ph 2025-08 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

    A model calculation predicts fourteen double-heavy molecular pentaquark states, but their existence and binding energies depend critically on an unconstrained regularization parameter.

  4. Eigenstates in coupled-channel scattering amplitude and their effects on spectrum

    hep-ph 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In coupled-channel scattering, the observable above-threshold resonance originates from the virtual-state pole, while the subthreshold quasibound state becomes a shadow pole, an interchange shown and applied to Xi resonances.

  5. Scalar resonance contributions in the $D_{s1}(2460)^{+} \rightarrow D_{s}^{+}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ reaction

    hep-ph 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In D_s1(2460)+ -> D_s+ pi+ pi-, a chiral unitary coupled-channel model reproduces the LHCb mass distributions and generates T_cbar-s and f0(500) as hadronic molecules.

  6. Roles of $f_{0}(500)$ and $f_{0}(980)$ in the $D_{(s)}^{+}\rightarrow\pi^{+}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ decays

    hep-ph 2024-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A quark-level hadronization plus meson rescattering model reproduces why D_s -> pi+ pi+ pi- contains only the f0(980) resonance while D+ -> pi+ pi+ pi- contains both f0(500) and f0(980).

  7. Fully charmed P-wave tetraquark resonant states in the quark model

    hep-ph 2024-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A quark-model calculation predicts compact fully charmed P-wave tetraquark resonances near 7.0 to 7.2 GeV, including exotic J^PC = 0^-- and 1^-+ states, and finds no narrow tetraquark candidates below 7 GeV for X(6400...

  8. Heavy baryon production with an instanton interaction

    hep-ph 2019-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A model calculation shows that an instanton-inspired three-quark interaction can excite both the lambda and rho internal modes of heavy baryons, giving production-rate ratios that reflect baryon spin structure.

  9. The dynamically generated $h_1$ state by the $K^*\bar{K}^*$ interaction and its $K_1(1270)\bar{K}$ and $b_1(1235)\pi$ decays

    hep-ph 2026-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The dynamically generated h1(1790) K*Kbar* molecule is predicted to decay into K1(1270)Kbar and b1(1235)pi with partial widths of about 0.5 to several MeV, plus stable width ratios R1≈0.3 and R2≈0.53.

  10. Exploring the spectroscopic features of double-strangeness tetraquark states

    hep-ph 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Model calculations suggest a bound double-strange tetraquark state with I(JP)=0(1+) at about 1310 MeV and a resonance near 1783 MeV.

  11. A study on the properties of hidden-charm pentaquarks with double strangeness

    hep-ph 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Five hidden-charm double-strange pentaquark resonances are predicted in the QDCSM with masses between 4600 and 4772 MeV, along with widths and dominant decay channels.

  12. Study on the structure of the $Z_{c}(3900)$ state

    hep-ph 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    An effective field theory calculation finds that the Zc(3900) resonance is naturally described as a coupled-channel mixture of D Dbar* and diquark-antidiquark components, with the diquark part dominating.

  13. Study of the exotic three-body $N D^* \bar{K}^*$ system

    hep-ph 2024-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A fixed-center Faddeev calculation predicts five N D* K̄* bound states with spin 1/2, 3/2, 5/2 and binding energies of 10 to 30 MeV.

  14. Production of $X(3872)$ and a Photon in $e^+e^-$ Annihilation

    hep-ph 2019-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    If X(3872) is a charm-meson molecule, e+e- -> X gamma has a narrow triangle-singularity peak at 2.2 MeV above the D*0 Dbar*0 threshold, with a peak cross section near 0.5 pb.

  15. Heavy hadronic molecules with pion exchange and quark core couplings: a guide for practitioners

    hep-ph 2019-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    X(3872) is best described as a shallow D D* molecule in which one-pion exchange and a small charmonium core provide comparable attraction.

  16. Branching Fractions of the $X(3872)$

    hep-ph 2019-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    If the X(3872) is a weakly bound charm-meson molecule, its J/psi pi+ pi- branching fraction lies between roughly 4% and 33%, and is likely several times larger than the measured resonance-feature fraction.

  17. Radiative decays of $X(3872)$ within $D{\bar D}^*$ molecular framework

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Using nonrelativistic effective field theory, the X(3872) is treated as a D*D molecule to predict radiative decay widths to D D gamma, finding a strong neutral-over-charged hierarchy and quantifying D D rescattering effects.

  18. Investigating the two-pion exchange of the double charm $DD^*$ chiral interactions and $T_{cc}$

    hep-ph 2025-09 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    In this chiral EFT calculation the I=0 DD* two-pion-exchange potential is repulsive, and its near-cancellation with attractive contact and one-pion terms provides the weak binding of Tcc.

  19. Revisit the diquark of $\Lambda_c$ in the $\Lambda_c\to \Lambda K^+$ and $\Lambda_c\to \Sigma^0 K^+$ processes

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Constituent quark model fits to Λc→ΛK+ and Λc→Σ0K+ branching ratios place the charmed baryon's diquark size parameters in a narrow, non-compact region.

  20. Scalar Triple-Heavy Tetraquark States With Quark Content $cc\bar{c}\bar{s}$

    hep-ph 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    QCD sum rule analysis predicts scalar cc̄c̄s tetraquark states with masses near 4.94 to 5.08 GeV, including an ηc-Ds molecule and two diquark-antidiquark compact states.

  21. Unquenched Charmonium and Beyond

    hep-ph 2026-02 conditional novelty 2.0 of 10

    This Lanzhou-group review argues that coupled-channel (unquenched) effects, not exotic constituents, are the common thread explaining charmonium anomalies from the rho-pi puzzle to the Y-problem states.

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