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Accessing the speed of sound in relativistic ultracentral nucleus-nucleus collisions using the mean transverse momentum
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It has been argued that the speed of sound of the strong interaction at high temperature can be measured using the variation of the mean transverse momentum with the particle multiplicity in ultracentral heavy-ion collisions. We test this correspondence by running hydrodynamic simulations at zero impact parameter with several equations of state, at several colliding energies from 0.2 TeV to 15 TeV per nucleon pair. The correspondence is found to be precise and robust for a smooth, boost-invariant fluid and an ideal detector. We discuss the differences between this ideal setup and an actual experiment. We conclude that the extraction of the speed of sound from data is reliable, and that the main uncertainty comes from our poor knowledge of the distribution of density fluctuations at the early stages of the collision.
Forward citations
Cited by 2 Pith papers
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Extracting the speed of sound of QCD from transverse momentum fluctuations
From ATLAS data on transverse-momentum fluctuations in ultra-central Pb+Pb collisions, the QGP speed of sound is extracted as 0.496 ± 0.008 at 221 ± 13 MeV, matching lattice QCD.
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Revisiting the soft-hard separation in the transverse momentum spectra of $pp$ collisions
A Boltzmann fit to the low-pT ALICE spectra leaves a hard fragmentation residual with multiplicity-independent mean transverse momenta, supporting a two-component soft+hard description of pp collisions.
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