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Massive Black Holes Seeded by Dark Matter -- Implications for Little Red Dots and Gravitational Wave Signatures
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Observations of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at high redshifts challenge standard seeding scenarios. We examine a dissipative self-interacting dark matter (dSIDM) model in which gravothermal collapse leads to the formation of massive BH seeds ab initio. We utilize a semi-analytical framework to predict properties of the dSIDM-seeded SMBH population. Billion solar mass quasars are reproduced along with low-mass faint active galactic nuclei (known as little red dots) with SMBH-to-galaxy stellar mass ratios consistent with recent James Webb Space Telescope observations. To match the abundance of the observed bright quasars, a percent-level duty-cycle is suggested, implying a large population of dormant SMBHs. The gravitational wave (GW) signals from mergers of these massive SMBHs can be detected by LISA while remaining within the NANOGrav constraints on the GW background. These results provide testable signatures of DM-driven SMBH formation, offering a pathway to probe hidden-sector physics through SMBH and GW observables.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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A Novel Implementation of Self-Interacting Dark Matter in AREPO
A dedicated-tree Monte-Carlo SIDM module in AREPO-2 conserves energy/momentum under multiple scatters, supports velocity-dependent and inelastic models, and runs with only modest overhead versus CDM except in late cor...
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On the rapid growth of SMBHs in high-z galaxies: the aftermath of Population III.1 stars
Cosmological zoom-in simulations find that 10^5 solar mass Pop III.1 black hole seeds reach ~10^7 solar masses by z=8, with AGN feedback, especially radiation, regulating growth and launching fast outflows.
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Dynamics of low-mass black hole seeds in the BRAHMA simulations using subgrid-dynamical friction: Impact on merger-driven black hole growth in the high redshift Universe
Adding subgrid dynamical friction to BRAHMA simulations lowers predicted z>5 seed-black-hole merger rates by 4-10x relative to repositioning, to 100-1000 per year in the 9 Mpc boxes.
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Little Red Dots from Small-Scale Primordial Black Hole Clustering
Densely clustered 30-solar-mass primordial black holes can sequentially merge into ~10^6 solar-mass seeds by redshift 6, possibly explaining JWST little red dots, with high spin from tidal torques and a two-peak gravi...
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Reconstructing PTA measurements via early seeding of supermassive black holes
Dark-star-seeded supermassive black holes with number density around 10^-3 per cubic megaparsec could dominate the PTA gravitational wave background, with PTA data capping the seed density near 0.1 per cubic megaparsec.
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