Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 80 of 80 outbound references and 15 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.09165.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.09165 v1

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measured 80 of 80 reference resolution

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Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.241941Z

measured 95 of 95 standing notices

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Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 15 of 15 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T00:41:44.071219Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-07-10T23:37:42.346088Z

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Outbound references

Observation 6e68564a-186d-4817-b985-1b2bdf9cfb91 · outbound

This paper cites dωdt 2π ˆDℓmω ˜ZℓmωeiΦ(t,ω),(14) whereΦ(t,ω) is defined in Eq. (4). Using the steepest-descent method with two variablestandω, we obtain.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns dωdt 2π ˆDℓmω ˜ZℓmωeiΦ(t,ω),(14) whereΦ(t,ω) is defined in Eq. (4). Using the steepest-descent method with two variablestandω, we obtain

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.868186Z

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Observation e811c127-fd25-4144-86fd-847c019b6178 · outbound

This paper cites The Sasaki-Nakamura (SN) equation [75]: " d2 dx2−F ℓmω d dx−U ℓmω # Xℓmω =S ℓmω,(20) is solved in the frequency domain using the fourth Runge- Kutta method.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns The Sasaki-Nakamura (SN) equation [75]: " d2 dx2−F ℓmω d dx−U ℓmω # Xℓmω =S ℓmω,(20) is solved in the frequency domain using the fourth Runge- Kutta method

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.873567Z

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Observation 3d19f7c9-c38c-4b3a-82b1-708c01a89f05 · outbound

This paper cites (28) HereN p andN r are the number of included prograde and retrograde overtones.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns (28) HereN p andN r are the number of included prograde and retrograde overtones

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.883328Z

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Observation abf8c1cc-2dab-43a4-9ed0-06594b21dea6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.878256Z

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Observation ce10e1b7-7069-4bd2-af89-e6944a3f374c · outbound

This paper cites Inspiral, merger and ring-down of equal-mass black-hole binaries.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Inspiral, merger and ring-down of equal-mass black-hole binaries

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.888246Z

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Observation 53a31940-bcb7-4e39-a4b4-0eac42712c88 · outbound

This paper cites Black hole ringdown: the importance of overtones.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Black hole ringdown: the importance of overtones

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.893365Z

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Observation d1c9e4a7-7e16-48e0-8248-a5508ef077d2 · outbound

This paper cites Overtones and Nonlinearities in Binary Black Hole Ringdowns.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Overtones and Nonlinearities in Binary Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.898023Z

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Observation 70cac9ec-0e92-49ea-8a2a-dfa6b9d49bb9 · outbound

This paper cites On the ease of excitation of black hole ringing: Quantifying the importance of overtones by the excitation factors.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns On the ease of excitation of black hole ringing: Quantifying the importance of overtones by the excitation factors

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.902677Z

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Observation c587cab0-1ae6-492a-8dde-6f6d696b4891 · outbound

This paper cites Reconstruction of ringdown with excitation factors.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Reconstruction of ringdown with excitation factors

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.907629Z

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Observation ae775230-8669-4dc9-9866-d4c293838b2b · outbound

This paper cites Probing the ringdown perturbation in binary black hole coalescences with an improved quasi-normal mode extraction algorithm.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Probing the ringdown perturbation in binary black hole coalescences with an improved quasi-normal mode extraction algorithm

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.912430Z

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Observation 50133246-c0aa-4896-9c70-b747ade3d67d · outbound

This paper cites Agnostic black hole spectroscopy: Quasinormal mode content of numerical relativity waveforms and limits of validity of linear perturbation theory.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Agnostic black hole spectroscopy: Quasinormal mode content of numerical relativity waveforms and limits of validity of linear perturbation theory

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.917787Z

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Observation 90035dad-26cc-49f9-ba6a-7bbba78c4e37 · outbound

This paper cites Modelling the Ringdown from Precessing Black Hole Binaries.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Modelling the Ringdown from Precessing Black Hole Binaries

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.922781Z

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Observation d84d6b29-ca29-414e-aa3f-11fac12dca83 · outbound

This paper cites Challenges in Quasinormal Mode Extraction: Perspectives from Numerical solutions to the Teukolsky Equation.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Challenges in Quasinormal Mode Extraction: Perspectives from Numerical solutions to the Teukolsky Equation

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.927248Z

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Observation 0ced8534-747b-43eb-96a0-323ca5032eb4 · outbound

This paper cites Angular emission patterns of remnant black holes.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Angular emission patterns of remnant black holes

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.932203Z

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Observation c45ce5ef-f9d6-44b0-ba57-efee847f0e13 · outbound

This paper cites Universal features of gravitational waves emitted by superkick binary black hole systems.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Universal features of gravitational waves emitted by superkick binary black hole systems

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.936573Z

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Observation fc528004-7a8f-4b30-98dc-3af2b0600990 · outbound

This paper cites Nonlinearities in Black Hole Ringdowns.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Nonlinearities in Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.941139Z

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Observation d148e363-d4d2-446f-96c3-4e8634836cb3 · outbound

This paper cites Nonlinear effects in black hole ringdown.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Nonlinear effects in black hole ringdown

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.947060Z

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Observation d08f091d-e363-4345-92c4-ff8c2d9c880a · outbound

This paper cites Quasinormal-mode filters: a new approach to analyze the gravitational-wave ringdown of binary black-hole mergers.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Quasinormal-mode filters: a new approach to analyze the gravitational-wave ringdown of binary black-hole mergers

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.951533Z

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Observation b2885fee-5705-4d18-9e3c-eadc0364e63d · outbound

This paper cites Nonlinear ringdown at the black hole horizon.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Nonlinear ringdown at the black hole horizon

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.955966Z

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Observation 0220f4b6-57a2-4145-bb18-edb7590d8483 · outbound

This paper cites Quadratic Mode Couplings in Rotating Black Holes and Their Detectability.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Quadratic Mode Couplings in Rotating Black Holes and Their Detectability

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.960638Z

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Observation a40334b1-5a41-4e94-85fc-4797c5abc3d9 · outbound

This paper cites The excitation of quadratic quasinormal modes for Kerr black holes.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns The excitation of quadratic quasinormal modes for Kerr black holes

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.964900Z

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Observation dd6fe056-41bd-4c48-945c-1e589c577fac · outbound

This paper cites Nonlinear Effects In Black Hole Ringdown From Scattering Experiments I: spin and initial data dependence of quadratic mode coupling.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Nonlinear Effects In Black Hole Ringdown From Scattering Experiments I: spin and initial data dependence of quadratic mode coupling

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.969341Z

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Observation 862efeb3-8238-4b50-b652-7e99c08e8385 · outbound

This paper cites Spin dependence of black hole ringdown nonlinearities.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Spin dependence of black hole ringdown nonlinearities

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.974011Z

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Observation 745c696c-273a-4c01-a601-c0e5ff99fc76 · outbound

This paper cites Quadratic Quasi-Normal Modes of a Schwarzschild Black Hole.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Quadratic Quasi-Normal Modes of a Schwarzschild Black Hole

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.978712Z

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Observation e322b839-f3eb-450c-86ab-35f55a24d018 · outbound

This paper cites Quadratic quasi-normal mode dependence on linear mode parity.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Quadratic quasi-normal mode dependence on linear mode parity

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.983590Z

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Observation 8f6f2f9a-dc34-41ed-a4ce-c87e0fb69b29 · outbound

This paper cites Amplitudes and Polarizations of Quadratic Quasi-Normal Modes for a Schwarzschild Black Hole.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Amplitudes and Polarizations of Quadratic Quasi-Normal Modes for a Schwarzschild Black Hole

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.988139Z

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Observation ce2a96c4-c530-4650-b0eb-6ede0aa4faa9 · outbound

This paper cites Black hole spectroscopy with nonlinear quasi-normal modes.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Black hole spectroscopy with nonlinear quasi-normal modes

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.992755Z

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Observation 63b338fb-68c1-4cce-88ab-ad3ed29bd102 · outbound

This paper cites Nonlinear quasinormal mode detectability with next-generation gravitational wave detectors.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Nonlinear quasinormal mode detectability with next-generation gravitational wave detectors

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:18.997206Z

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Observation 6c4221d5-6ee8-414d-ab49-ba8040a8e7b9 · outbound

This paper cites Quadratic quasinormal modes at null infinity on a Schwarzschild spacetime.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Quadratic quasinormal modes at null infinity on a Schwarzschild spacetime

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.001879Z

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Observation 7796d6b9-e506-4b10-b0b1-cac8f72c9835 · outbound

This paper cites Nonlinear effect of absorption on the ringdown of a spinning black hole.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Nonlinear effect of absorption on the ringdown of a spinning black hole

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.006782Z

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Observation c69d5107-1859-41c3-8dbf-43eef37f7bab · outbound

This paper cites Imprints of Changing Mass and Spin on Black Hole Ringdown.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Imprints of Changing Mass and Spin on Black Hole Ringdown

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.011324Z

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Observation 9c104920-030e-4ece-8839-a8bcc8fb6d03 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.015981Z

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Observation f34bf0fa-78bc-402b-a817-3460f17d9f53 · outbound

This paper cites Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.020489Z

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Observation e34f3ec9-03fb-4f45-a075-075798b4c595 · outbound

This paper cites Merging black holes with Cauchy-characteristic matching: Computation of late-time tails.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Merging black holes with Cauchy-characteristic matching: Computation of late-time tails

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.024911Z

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Observation 59d50447-42ea-4a19-9b51-324d0138bb07 · outbound

This paper cites De Amiciset al., (2024), arXiv:2412.06887 [gr-qc].

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns De Amiciset al., (2024), arXiv:2412.06887 [gr-qc]

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.029416Z

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Observation e15bf286-326d-4eb0-80f3-9e4e191d3902 · outbound

This paper cites Islam, G.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Islam, G

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.034242Z

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Observation d010ae1e-46f3-4126-a2dc-54dbf72d3712 · outbound

This paper cites Inspiral-inherited ringdown tails.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Inspiral-inherited ringdown tails

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.038839Z

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Observation 406f7872-37ec-4986-98e0-2e5666fa9497 · outbound

This paper cites Einstein-Klein-Gordon system via Cauchy-characteristic evolution: Computation of memory and ringdown tail.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Einstein-Klein-Gordon system via Cauchy-characteristic evolution: Computation of memory and ringdown tail

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.043819Z

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Observation 24e125bc-3e95-4990-bd61-eea2715fc181 · outbound

This paper cites Hushing black holes: tails in dynamical spacetimes.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Hushing black holes: tails in dynamical spacetimes

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.048417Z

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Observation d2fcfbc4-2364-47f2-ac09-a79a827ae4f7 · outbound

This paper cites Carullo, W.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Carullo, W

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.053466Z

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Observation 7f30e01c-34df-40d8-8240-dc5f22918ecb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.058524Z

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Observation 3e93c166-e236-487c-81db-81382e34acfb · outbound

This paper cites Constraints on quasi-normal-mode frequencies with LIGO-Virgo binary-black-hole observations.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Constraints on quasi-normal-mode frequencies with LIGO-Virgo binary-black-hole observations

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.063292Z

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Observation 79663cd9-51a7-44fd-8455-5b3f5f5907af · outbound

This paper cites Searching for a Ringdown Overtone in GW150914.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Searching for a Ringdown Overtone in GW150914

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.068042Z

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Observation 3e57888f-64f1-4797-8e74-82e97e914c33 · outbound

This paper cites Using rational filters to uncover the first ringdown overtone in GW150914.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Using rational filters to uncover the first ringdown overtone in GW150914

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.072929Z

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Observation 665c7a62-82a0-499d-8f53-4270de198908 · outbound

This paper cites Black hole spectroscopy by mode cleaning.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Black hole spectroscopy by mode cleaning

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.077574Z

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Observation df0df9ed-d697-41de-9671-e8137ab80960 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.082235Z

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Observation ae1d059b-4e61-4442-8fdb-d760495a4c25 · outbound

This paper cites Low evidence for ringdown overtone in GW150914 when marginalizing over time and sky location uncertainty.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Low evidence for ringdown overtone in GW150914 when marginalizing over time and sky location uncertainty

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.086776Z

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Observation b66cd299-d041-4704-a941-386ebe1880e6 · outbound

This paper cites A multimode quasi-normal spectrum from a perturbed black hole.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns A multimode quasi-normal spectrum from a perturbed black hole

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.091423Z

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Observation 4ac01101-630f-4a6a-8af8-7bd24e156a3c · outbound

This paper cites The Ringdown of GW190521: Hints of Multiple Quasinormal Modes with a Precessional Interpretation.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns The Ringdown of GW190521: Hints of Multiple Quasinormal Modes with a Precessional Interpretation

Reference 49

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.096280Z

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Observation 6188cdfe-7a13-42f7-8b1c-0bfd6902b274 · outbound

This paper cites Black hole spectroscopy: from theory to experiment.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Black hole spectroscopy: from theory to experiment

Reference 50

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.100928Z

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Observation 278db5f4-a3bd-4061-8fb2-ab0a597982e2 · outbound

This paper cites Gravitational Radiation from Plunging Orbits - Perturbative Study -.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Gravitational Radiation from Plunging Orbits - Perturbative Study -

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.105545Z

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Observation d244795d-a60c-4542-9b3f-957323df2192 · outbound

This paper cites New Generic Ringdown Frequencies at the Birth of a Kerr Black Hole.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns New Generic Ringdown Frequencies at the Birth of a Kerr Black Hole

Reference 52

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.109993Z

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Observation aa5a123a-8406-4a5f-b91d-d7804ceef42f · outbound

This paper cites The impact of initial conditions on quasi-normal modes.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns The impact of initial conditions on quasi-normal modes

Reference 53

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.114642Z

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Observation 379f0545-2f77-43a9-bb9c-89bd85b31105 · outbound

This paper cites De Amicis, E.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns De Amicis, E

Reference 54

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.119436Z

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Observation 4dbff07f-cff2-4d06-9462-cb242bd543b2 · outbound

This paper cites Kojima and T.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Kojima and T

Reference 55

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.123637Z

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Observation d1b984bc-89ca-4259-a60a-419fe76550fe · outbound

This paper cites Gravitational Waves in Brans-Dicke Theory : Analysis by Test Particles around a Kerr Black Hole.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Gravitational Waves in Brans-Dicke Theory : Analysis by Test Particles around a Kerr Black Hole

Reference 56

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.128034Z

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Observation da2a2160-7240-49c2-9883-5d5834d5f228 · outbound

This paper cites Saijo, K.-i.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Saijo, K.-i

Reference 57

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.133789Z

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Observation f541b340-cf01-4e02-9cae-0cbc04fccde4 · outbound

This paper cites Ringdown of a postinnermost stable circular orbit of a rapidly spinning black hole: Mass ratio dependence of higher harmonic quasinormal mode excitation.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Ringdown of a postinnermost stable circular orbit of a rapidly spinning black hole: Mass ratio dependence of higher harmonic quasinormal mode excitation

Reference 58

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.138000Z

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Observation 1f7f0b70-a1a6-4180-bc79-a9624f1bae58 · outbound

This paper cites The Transition from Inspiral to Plunge for a Compact Body in a Circular Equatorial Orbit Around a Massive, Spinning Black Hole.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns The Transition from Inspiral to Plunge for a Compact Body in a Circular Equatorial Orbit Around a Massive, Spinning Black Hole

Reference 59

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.142590Z

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Observation 97733fa0-cba8-4087-96d5-4d28573435c0 · outbound

This paper cites A Surrogate Model for Gravitational Wave Signals from Comparable- to Large- Mass-Ratio Black Hole Binaries.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns A Surrogate Model for Gravitational Wave Signals from Comparable- to Large- Mass-Ratio Black Hole Binaries

Reference 60

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.147461Z

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Observation c9654b61-a198-4f96-839d-33f2c48f44d6 · outbound

This paper cites Intermediate mass-ratio black hole binaries: Applicability of small mass-ratio perturbation theory.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Intermediate mass-ratio black hole binaries: Applicability of small mass-ratio perturbation theory

Reference 61

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.151982Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation b8bceb53-9107-4001-8191-ad01334dad7e · outbound

This paper cites Surrogate model for gravitational wave signals from non-spinning, comparable- to large-mass-ratio black hole binaries built on black hole perturbation theory waveforms calibrated to numerical relativity.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Surrogate model for gravitational wave signals from non-spinning, comparable- to large-mass-ratio black hole binaries built on black hole perturbation theory waveforms calibrated to numerical relativity

Reference 62

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.156818Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 034fe552-74fe-44ee-be69-10f15f9e74cc · outbound

This paper cites Study of the Intermediate Mass Ratio Black Hole Binary Merger up to 1000:1 with Numerical Relativity.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Study of the Intermediate Mass Ratio Black Hole Binary Merger up to 1000:1 with Numerical Relativity

Reference 63

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.161150Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5e3e2357-3908-4f37-83af-f51555a30670 · outbound

This paper cites Building a bridge between comparable and extreme mass ratio black hole binaries: a single spin precessing model for the final state.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Building a bridge between comparable and extreme mass ratio black hole binaries: a single spin precessing model for the final state

Reference 64

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.165575Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ec0ab523-acb8-4616-a836-69a9ed8561a0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Unresolved cited work

Reference 65

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.171273Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3f99348f-e872-4ba8-abf8-4ae4e5005e5d · outbound

This paper cites Analyzing black-hole ringdowns.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Analyzing black-hole ringdowns

Reference 66

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.176051Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8838e9f4-9573-454f-9c3e-5ba218e47a4a · outbound

This paper cites Noise curves,.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Noise curves,

Reference 67

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.180782Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0a7e6a39-467f-4f26-8344-6df938bd282e · outbound

This paper cites Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger

Reference 68

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.185184Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 44bcb8f4-57d4-4976-a8b9-614bd0847e18 · outbound

This paper cites Testing the no-hair theorem with GW150914.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Testing the no-hair theorem with GW150914

Reference 69

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.189806Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 83adc6e7-022a-4817-857f-e82d2c3cee9c · outbound

This paper cites Einstein telescope,.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Einstein telescope,

Reference 70

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.194433Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 34d5e13c-45d5-45e0-a104-771ac7ba1422 · outbound

This paper cites Pushing towards the ET sensitivity using 'conventional' technology.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Pushing towards the ET sensitivity using 'conventional' technology

Reference 71

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.199376Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 278ce80a-6ec2-4142-8874-1f5a52d5f281 · outbound

This paper cites Cosmic explorer,.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Cosmic explorer,

Reference 72

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.204281Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dd3f344b-1f5a-4b7a-b029-70ec849d478f · outbound

This paper cites Science-Driven Tunable Design of Cosmic Explorer Detectors.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Science-Driven Tunable Design of Cosmic Explorer Detectors

Reference 73

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.209149Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3578a398-2bc7-4e11-a936-6a4052277f56 · outbound

This paper cites A Horizon Study for Cosmic Explorer: Science, Observatories, and Community.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns A Horizon Study for Cosmic Explorer: Science, Observatories, and Community

Reference 74

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.214085Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8008a873-5153-4c15-8266-919491f14544 · outbound

This paper cites Inspiral-merger-ringdown waveforms of spinning, precessing black-hole binaries in the effective-one-body formalism.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Inspiral-merger-ringdown waveforms of spinning, precessing black-hole binaries in the effective-one-body formalism

Reference 75

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.218669Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7a0be434-2612-4341-9f2d-95f57399d0a5 · outbound

This paper cites Effective-one-body model for black-hole binaries with generic mass ratios and spins.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Effective-one-body model for black-hole binaries with generic mass ratios and spins

Reference 76

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.223379Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 087c60f5-4a82-4695-b207-910b38a824b9 · outbound

This paper cites Validating the effective-one-body model of spinning, precessing binary black holes against numerical relativity.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Validating the effective-one-body model of spinning, precessing binary black holes against numerical relativity

Reference 77

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.227930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f9bb6ee8-ec23-4883-8254-d3ba556c3ad9 · outbound

This paper cites Probing direct waves in black hole ringdowns – simulation data,.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Probing direct waves in black hole ringdowns – simulation data,

Reference 78

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.232522Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 460f1b0c-9fa9-46f1-ad0f-7194a0fd075e · outbound

This paper cites Sasaki and T.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Sasaki and T

Reference 79

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.236955Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a507bad2-9039-4899-a086-c4926eb3a6bf · outbound

This paper cites Ringdown data,.

Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns Ringdown data,

Reference 80

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:41:19.241941Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 655a669c-ae1b-488a-9689-61fbeadf13aa · inbound

GW250114 reveals black hole horizon signatures cites this paper.

GW250114 reveals black hole horizon signatures Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:25:25.895531Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8f4c7e31-9bde-4d7c-902c-f8d8ac7ad35d · inbound

Quasinormal mode content of binary black hole ringdowns cites this paper.

Quasinormal mode content of binary black hole ringdowns Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T09:43:33.285416Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5f03729f-b3c1-41fb-b495-782f71d91264 · inbound

Green function of the P\"{o}schl-Teller potential cites this paper.

Green function of the P\"{o}schl-Teller potential Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T05:55:56.744501Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 5a65c056-f55b-405d-b718-d15fdbdae7a9 · inbound

Prompt Response from Plunging Sources in Schwarzschild Spacetime cites this paper.

Prompt Response from Plunging Sources in Schwarzschild Spacetime Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 50

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T07:26:01.849888Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation c93b000f-cf07-4135-8752-44c42ac9f5db · inbound

Early metal-enriched baryon cycling before the midpoint of cosmic reionization cites this paper.

Early metal-enriched baryon cycling before the midpoint of cosmic reionization Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 29

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-05T01:50:34.968641Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 005b9429-dd22-4090-8f91-42f722c1aa88 · inbound

Calculation of a regularized Teukolsky Green function in Schwarzschild spacetime cites this paper.

Calculation of a regularized Teukolsky Green function in Schwarzschild spacetime Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 29

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T14:26:03.312043Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 0418cb46-9f70-4445-b1af-77c78fb1b890 · inbound

Pole structure of the Kerr Green's function cites this paper.

Pole structure of the Kerr Green's function Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 33

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T16:31:10.924404Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation fa1e9d8e-f844-4db2-9a01-75a30e396a65 · inbound

Ringdown Analysis of GW250114 with Orthonormal Modes cites this paper.

Ringdown Analysis of GW250114 with Orthonormal Modes Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 27

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T11:01:31.001501Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation f2772b15-5902-4bc8-92bc-66930f9b3a0d · inbound

Dynamical quasinormal mode excitation II: propagation and convergence in Schwarzschild cites this paper.

Dynamical quasinormal mode excitation II: propagation and convergence in Schwarzschild Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-20T16:28:38.708727Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 93cbeaf4-eb02-4264-a031-5da1ba2189b6 · inbound

Measuring a Black Hole's Area Immediately after Merger: A Direct-Wave Test of Hawking's Area Law cites this paper.

Measuring a Black Hole's Area Immediately after Merger: A Direct-Wave Test of Hawking's Area Law Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 21

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T15:27:05.383420Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 4f5f7493-c009-4006-8dd4-c97284e9c990 · inbound

Vanishing of all redshift modes in Schwarzschild ringdown cites this paper.

Vanishing of all redshift modes in Schwarzschild ringdown Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T19:57:19.356790Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 34abe669-fd9d-40f9-8de8-83afff27f7ca · inbound

Modeling Direct Waves in Binary Black Hole Ringdowns cites this paper.

Modeling Direct Waves in Binary Black Hole Ringdowns Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 16

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T19:00:05.770034Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 2d54fe38-9cdd-4026-a58e-3de56f185254 · inbound

The Direct Wave is Not a Meaningful Test of Horizon Properties cites this paper.

The Direct Wave is Not a Meaningful Test of Horizon Properties Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-03T08:17:44.513168Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 35ec4aca-6d30-4504-bf3c-b03274a4aa2b · inbound

Foundations of Direct Waves in Schwarzschild Ringdown cites this paper.

Foundations of Direct Waves in Schwarzschild Ringdown Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 47

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-10T23:37:42.360693Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 23b22737-db43-4c6a-a089-2c2adaf7cc46 · inbound

Optimal frequency scales for probing black-hole geometries cites this paper.

Optimal frequency scales for probing black-hole geometries Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T00:41:44.071219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.