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Inverse magnetic catalysis and the Polyakov loop
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Inverse magnetic catalysis and the Polyakov loop
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We study the physical mechanism of how an external magnetic field influences the QCD quark condensate. Two competing mechanisms are identified, both relying on the interaction between the magnetic field and the low quark modes. While the coupling to valence quarks enhances the condensate, the interaction with sea quarks suppresses it in the transition region. The latter `sea effect' acts by ordering the Polyakov loop and, thereby, reduces the number of small Dirac eigenmodes and the condensate. It is most effective around the transition temperature, where the Polyakov loop effective potential is flat and a small correction to it by the magnetic field can have a significant effect. Around the critical temperature, the sea suppression overwhelms the valence enhancement, resulting in a net suppression of the condensate, named inverse magnetic catalysis. We support this physical picture by lattice simulations including continuum extrapolated results on the Polyakov loop as a function of temperature and magnetic field. We argue that taking into account the increase in the Polyakov loop and its interaction with the low-lying modes is essential to obtain the full physical picture, and should be incorporated in effective models for the description of QCD in magnetic fields in the transition region.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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Chiral and $U(1)_A$ symmetries in background magnetic fields from lattice QCD
Neutral-sector chiral and U(1)A susceptibility splittings exhibit magnetic catalysis at low T and inverse-catalysis-like suppression at large eB near the QCD crossover on HISQ lattices.
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Relativistic Barnett effect and Curie law in a rigidly rotating free Fermi gas
In a rigidly rotating free Fermi gas, the relativistic Barnett effect produces different Fermi energies for spin-up and spin-down fermions, leading to a moment of inertia that scales as 1/T at high temperature, analog...
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From Magnetic to Inverse Magnetic Catalysis: The Interplay of Quark and Gluon Mass Generation in Magnetic Fields
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Chiral Properties of $(2\!+\!1)$-Flavor QCD in Magnetic Fields at Zero Temperature
Continuum-extrapolated lattice simulations show monotonic magnetic catalysis in chiral condensates, non-monotonic charged-meson mass response, and valence-quark dominance at zero temperature up to eB ≈ 1.2 GeV².
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Neutral mesons conserve continuous transverse momenta in magnetic fields while charged mesons exhibit quantized transverse dynamics, with high-spin charged mesons stabilized by cancellation of internal zero-point ener...
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