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Light Propagation in the vicinity of the ModMax black hole
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ModMax is a nonlinear electrodynamics theory with the same symmetries as Maxwell electrodynamics. Static spherically symmetric solutions have been derived by coupling ModMax electrodynamics with the Einstein equations, which can represent a black hole. In this paper, we analyze light propagation in the vicinity of the ModMax black hole. We determine birefringence, light trajectories, deflection, redshifts, as well as the shadow of the black hole using the effective or optical metric to determine the optical paths of light; comparison is done with the corresponding effects in the neighborhood of the Reissner-Nordstrom black hole, that is the solution to the Einstein-Maxwell equations.
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Cited by 3 Pith papers
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Probing nonlinear electrodynamics-sourced black holes via light and orbital mechanics
For ModMax black holes, Shapiro time delay and gravitational redshift are identical for both photon polarizations, while Sagnac and kinematic shifts distinguish them; S2 precession bounds e^-gamma (Q/2M)^2 <= 0.135.
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Constraining ModMax Black Holes with EHT and GRAVITY Observations: Optical Signatures and Accretion Disk Properties
Combining EHT shadow observations of M87* and Sgr A* with mass and distance priors yields 95% upper limits Q < 0.391 and v < 4.153 on the ModMax black hole charge and nonlinearity parameter.
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Scattering and absorption of massless scalar waves by a ModMax black hole
Massless scalar-wave scattering and absorption cross sections for ModMax black holes are computed and shown to reproduce the Reissner-Nordström limit with an effective screened charge.
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