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Convergence of Adam Under Relaxed Assumptions

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arxiv 2304.13972 v3 pith:QB37KGMI submitted 2023-04-27 math.OC cs.LGstat.ML

classification math.OCcs.LGstat.ML
keywords adamconvergenceepsilongradientunderalgorithmassumptionsbounded
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abstract

In this paper, we provide a rigorous proof of convergence of the Adaptive Moment Estimate (Adam) algorithm for a wide class of optimization objectives. Despite the popularity and efficiency of the Adam algorithm in training deep neural networks, its theoretical properties are not yet fully understood, and existing convergence proofs require unrealistically strong assumptions, such as globally bounded gradients, to show the convergence to stationary points. In this paper, we show that Adam provably converges to $\epsilon$-stationary points with ${O}(\epsilon^{-4})$ gradient complexity under far more realistic conditions. The key to our analysis is a new proof of boundedness of gradients along the optimization trajectory of Adam, under a generalized smoothness assumption according to which the local smoothness (i.e., Hessian norm when it exists) is bounded by a sub-quadratic function of the gradient norm. Moreover, we propose a variance-reduced version of Adam with an accelerated gradient complexity of ${O}(\epsilon^{-3})$.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Unified convergence analysis for gradient descent optimization methods in the training of deep neural networks

    math.OC 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

    Bounded trajectories of a broad class of GD optimizers (Adam, RMSprop, NAG, Adan, etc.) converge with polynomial rates to critical points of KL objectives with locally Lipschitz gradients, covering analytic-activation...

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    Averaged variants of Adam, using a sliding-window arithmetic average or an exponential moving average of iterates, are reported to beat Adam and SGD on the tested PDE, optimal control, and CIFAR-10 benchmarks.

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