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Black holes and gravitational waves from slow phase transitions

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arxiv 2402.04158 v3 pith:QEBJX2WZ submitted 2024-02-06 astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-ph

classification astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph
keywords blackgravitationalholeslargeparticularperturbationsphaseslow
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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abstract

Slow first-order phase transitions generate large inhomogeneities that can lead to the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs). We show that the gravitational wave (GW) spectrum then consists of a primary component sourced by bubble collisions and a secondary one induced by large perturbations. The latter gives the dominant peak if $\beta/H_0 < 12$, impacting, in particular, the interpretation of the recent PTA data. The GW signal associated with a particular PBH population is stronger than in typical scenarios because of a negative non-Gaussianity of the perturbations and it has a distinguishable shape with two peaks.

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Forward citations

Cited by 19 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Can the universe be matter-dominated after a supercooled first-order phase transition?

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    After a supercooled first-order phase transition, the scalar field's equation of state is set by the bubble-wall Lorentz factor γ*, and matter domination is delayed until a/a* ≃ γ* in the free-streaming limit.

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    hep-ph 2025-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    CMB anisotropies from stochastic bubble nucleation constrain late-time phase transitions to release less than ~1% of dark energy when β/H⋆≲25, much tighter than Hubble-budget limits.

  3. Bubble wall dynamics from nonequilibrium quantum field theory

    hep-ph 2025-04 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    The conventional kinetic equation of motion for bubble walls is incomplete, missing a condensate self-energy term that produces additional friction from particle production, mixing, and transition radiation.

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    astro-ph.CO 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    N-point functions of locally non-Gaussian fields can be expanded in powers of the Gaussian correlation function using the Kibble-Slepian decomposition, with coefficients from one-point integrals; for an exponential-ta...

  5. Numerical simulations of primordial black hole formation via delayed first-order phase transitions

    gr-qc 2026-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Spherically symmetric numerical relativity shows false-vacuum domains from delayed first-order phase transitions form type B (baby-universe) or type A (direct-collapse) primordial black holes, separated by a robust t_...

  6. Complementarity of gravitational wave analyses and di-Higgs production in the exploration of the Electroweak Phase Transition dynamics in the RxSM

    hep-ph 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In the real singlet extension of the SM, strong first-order electroweak phase transitions split into singlet-driven transitions (loud in gravitational waves, quiet at colliders) and doublet-driven transitions (visible...

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    Thermal dark matter freeze-out under small-scale acoustic density perturbations requires about a 10 percent larger annihilation cross section to match the observed relic abundance.

  8. Complementary Probes of Warped Extra Dimension: Colliders, Gravitational Waves and Primordial Black Holes from Phase Transitions

    hep-ph 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In Randall-Sundrum warped extra dimension models, the supercooled radion phase transition can form primordial black holes that account for all of dark matter for IR scales 10 TeV to 10^4 TeV, with correlated gravitati...

  9. Primordial Black Hole Formation via Inverted Bubble Collapse

    astro-ph.CO 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Isolated bubbles from an incomplete phase transition, inverted into false-vacuum regions by a later bulk transition, collapse into nearly monochromatic primordial black holes up to about 10^-5 solar masses.

  10. The Irrelevance of Primordial Black Hole Clustering in the LVK mass range

    astro-ph.CO 2025-02 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    Initial spatial clustering of primordial black holes is irrelevant for binary mergers in the LVK mass range because FIRAS spectral-distortion constraints limit the clustering scale to below the merger-relevant separat...

  11. Primordial Black Holes (as Dark Matter) from the Supercooled Phase Transitions with Radiative Symmetry Breaking

    hep-ph 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Supercooled radiative symmetry breaking phase transitions generically produce primordial black holes, and the false-vacuum decay rate grows exponentially with time to high accuracy.

  12. Investigating a strong first-order electroweak phase transition in the RxSM at future linear $e^+e^-$ colliders and LISA

    hep-ph 2026-03 conditional novelty 5.5 of 10

    In the RxSM, singlet-driven SFOEWPTs yield strong LISA GW signals with SM-like Higgs couplings, while doublet-driven ones yield large κ_λ deviations visible at ILC1000 but weak GWs.

  13. PBH formation and Gravitational Waves as Multi-messenger Signals of First-order Phase Transitions

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    False-vacuum collapse during first-order phase transitions can form PBHs and emit GWs across a broad parameter range, and MeV-scale classically conformal U(1)_{B-L} symmetry breaking has the largest region where both ...

  14. Implications for Pulsar Timing Arrays of Sub-solar Black Hole Detections: From LVK to Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer

    astro-ph.CO 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A Bayesian analysis shows that a future sub-solar PBH detection would make the primordial SIGW interpretation of PTA data favored over the SMBH interpretation, but this preference is driven by the detection prior.

  15. Primordial Black Hole Formation from the Upward Step Model: Avoiding Overproduction

    astro-ph.CO 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    In upward-step inflation, a non-Gaussian cutoff in curvature perturbations sharply suppresses type-I primordial black hole abundance for h above about 5.9, easing PTA overproduction constraints.

  16. How large are curvature perturbations from slow first-order phase transitions? A gauge-invariant analysis

    hep-ph 2026-01 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Slow first-order phase transitions generate comoving curvature perturbations too small to form primordial black holes, with a new fitting template for the power spectrum.

  17. Super-critical primordial black hole formation via delayed first-order electroweak phase transition

    hep-ph 2025-01 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Delayed first-order electroweak phase transitions can form super-critical primordial black holes, and a timescale ratio t_H/t_V captures the threshold better than the standard density contrast.

  18. Supercooled Phase Transitions with Radiative Symmetry Breaking

    hep-ph 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 3.0 of 10

    Supercooled phase transitions from radiative symmetry breaking can be described, at leading and next-to-leading order, by formulas depending only on three or four parameters (χ0, β̄, g, and g̃ at NLO).

  19. Primordial Black Holes and Gravitational Waves in Extensions of the Standard Model

    hep-ph 2025-05 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A B-L extended inert doublet model can yield two strong first-order phase transitions that generate gravitational wave signals and, for tuned parameters, primordial black holes making up all dark matter.

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