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Quantum Rods and Clock in a Gravitational Universe

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arxiv 2412.03636 v3 pith:QV57NHFM submitted 2024-12-04 hep-th gr-qchep-ph

classification hep-thgr-qchep-ph
keywords quantumlocalclockdefinedfluctuationsgaugedgravityintuition
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Local operators are the basic observables in quantum field theory which encode the physics observed by a local experimentalist. However, when gravity is dynamical, diffeomorphism symmetries are gauged which apparently obstructs a sensible definition of local operators, as different locations in spacetime are connected by these gauged symmetries. This consideration brings in the puzzle of reconciling our empirical world with quantum gravity. Intuitively, this puzzle can be avoided using relatively defined observables when there exists a natural reference system such as a distribution of galaxies in our universe. Nevertheless, this intuition is classical as the rods and clock defined in this way may also have quantum fluctuations so it is not a priori clear if it can be realized in the quantum regime. In this letter, we provide an affirmative answer to this question. Interestingly, we notice that the quantum fluctuations of the reference system are in fact essential for the realization of the above intuition in the quantum regime.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Observers, local measurements, and topology

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Measurement correlations along an observer's worldline define a simplicial complex whose homology is proposed to be the topology of the accessible quantum-gravitational spacetime.

  2. Entanglement Entropy of Quantum Corners

    hep-th 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    For a two-dimensional corner symmetry algebra, coherent corner states give an entanglement entropy that scales with the area when mapped to near-extremal Reissner-Nordström black holes.

  3. Cosmological correlators in gravitationally-constrained de Sitter states

    hep-th 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Cosmological correlators in gravitationally constrained de Sitter states are conformally invariant and differ from QFT vacuum correlators, but relational observables with a heavy background state can reproduce QFT results.

  4. Algebras, Entanglement Islands, and Observers

    hep-th 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Entanglement islands in the AdS/bath island model realize the quantum-gravity 'observer' as a Goldstone vector mode, making the island operator algebra an emergent Type II∞ von Neumann algebra.

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