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3D Gaussian Splatting in Robotics: A Survey

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arxiv 2410.12262 v2 pith:RIL5F4DP submitted 2024-10-16 cs.RO

3D Gaussian Splatting in Robotics: A Survey

classification cs.RO
keywords roboticsbeenfieldgaussianradiancerepresentationapplicationexplicit
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Dense 3D representations of the environment have been a long-term goal in the robotics field. While previous Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) representation have been prevalent for its implicit, coordinate-based model, the recent emergence of 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has demonstrated remarkable potential in its explicit radiance field representation. By leveraging 3D Gaussian primitives for explicit scene representation and enabling differentiable rendering, 3DGS has shown significant advantages over other radiance fields in real-time rendering and photo-realistic performance, which is beneficial for robotic applications. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive understanding of 3DGS in the field of robotics. We divide our discussion of the related works into two main categories: the application of 3DGS and the advancements in 3DGS techniques. In the application section, we explore how 3DGS has been utilized in various robotics tasks from scene understanding and interaction perspectives. The advance of 3DGS section focuses on the improvements of 3DGS own properties in its adaptability and efficiency, aiming to enhance its performance in robotics. We then summarize the most commonly used datasets and evaluation metrics in robotics. Finally, we identify the challenges and limitations of current 3DGS methods and discuss the future development of 3DGS in robotics.

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Cited by 22 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Online Segment 3D Gaussians via Launching Virtual Drones

    cs.CV 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    SAGO achieves setup-free interactive 3D Gaussian segmentation by modeling it as an online NBV planning task in a Markov process, delivering sub-second latency and over 50x speedup over prior setup-free methods.

  2. Scene-Level Heterogeneous Physics Simulation with 3D Gaussian Splats

    cs.GR 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    A Representation Abstraction Framework converts 3DGS, meshes, and fluids into unified particles for scene-level heterogeneous multi-solver physics simulation.

  3. Geometry Gaussians: Decoupling Appearance and Geometry in Gaussian Splatting

    cs.GR 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    A dedicated geometry opacity parameter per 3D Gaussian decouples appearance from geometry and yields better novel-view rendering plus surface reconstruction on varied datasets.

  4. Motion-Enabled Tomography via Gaussian Mixture Models

    math.NA 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    A parametric GMM model for motion-enabled tomography that decouples reconstruction into sub-problems and tests on 2D simulations of intersecting trajectories.

  5. Accelerating 3D Gaussian Splatting using Tensor Cores

    cs.GR 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    TensorGS achieves 1.65x faster end-to-end 3D Gaussian Splatting rendering by tensorizing rasterization for Tensor Cores and using cross-tile grouping while preserving image quality.

  6. Accelerating 3D Gaussian Splatting using Tensor Cores

    cs.GR 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    TensorGS tensorizes 3DGS rasterization into Tensor-Core matrix workloads and adds cross-tile grouping, delivering 1.65x end-to-end speedup with negligible quality loss.

  7. Appearance Decomposition Gaussian Splatting for Multi-Traversal Reconstruction

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    ADM-GS decomposes static background appearance into traversal-invariant material and traversal-dependent illumination via a frequency-separated neural light field, yielding +0.98 dB PSNR gains and better cross-travers...

  8. SparseSplat: Towards Applicable Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting with Pixel-Unaligned Prediction

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    SparseSplat uses entropy-based probabilistic sampling and a specialized point cloud network to generate compact 3D Gaussian maps that retain high rendering quality with far fewer Gaussians than prior feed-forward methods.

  9. RDSplat: Robust Watermarking for 3D Gaussian Splatting Against 2D and 3D Diffusion Editing

    cs.CV 2025-12 conditional novelty 7.0

    RDSplat is the first 3D Gaussian Splatting watermarking method that maintains 0.701 bit accuracy against both 2D and 3D diffusion editing by embedding only in low-frequency primitives selected via FAPS.

  10. SpatialQ: Understanding 3D Gaussian Splatting Scene Quality via Visual-based MLLM

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    SpatialQ combines a multi-view quality encoder with a Qwen-based MLLM that diagnoses degradation types and adjusts scores, reporting state-of-the-art correlation on 3DGS-IEval-15K.

  11. SplatCtrl: Perception-Action Coupling via Gaussian Scene Representations and Reactive Robot Control

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    SplatCtrl couples real-time isotropic Gaussian scene reconstruction from RGB-D with continuous GPDF-derived SDFs inside control-barrier QP-IK for collision-free 6-DoF robot motion in dynamic environments.

  12. CARLA-GS: Decoupling Representation, Reasoning, and Physics Simulation for Autonomous Driving Corner-Case Synthesis

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    CARLA-GS is a modular pipeline that uses an LLM for semantic trajectory planning, CARLA for physics execution, and 3D Gaussian Splatting for photorealistic rendering to synthesize autonomous driving corner cases.

  13. Real2Sim: A Physics-driven and Editable Gaussian Splatting Framework for Autonomous Driving Scenes

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Real2Sim reconstructs editable dynamic driving scenes as temporally continuous Gaussians integrated with a differentiable MPM physics solver for high-fidelity simulation of interactions and collisions.

  14. PointSplat: Efficient Geometry-Driven Pruning and Transformer Refinement for 3D Gaussian Splatting

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    PointSplat uses 3D-geometry-only pruning and a dual-branch transformer to reduce Gaussian count in 3DGS scenes, delivering competitive quality and better efficiency without per-scene fine-tuning.

  15. Indoor Asset Detection in Large Scale 360{\deg} Drone-Captured Imagery via 3D Gaussian Splatting

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A 3D object codebook leveraging mask semantics and Gaussian spatial information enables multi-view mask association for indoor asset detection in 3DGS scenes, yielding 65% F1 and 11% mAP gains on two large indoor scenes.

  16. ReMoSPLAT: Reactive Mobile Manipulation Control on a Gaussian Splat

    cs.RO 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0

    ReMoSPLAT achieves reactive mobile-manipulation collision avoidance by querying distances from a Gaussian Splat reconstruction, matching a ground-truth-SDF controller in simulation.

  17. Splatblox: Traversability-Aware Gaussian Splatting for Outdoor Robot Navigation

    cs.RO 2025-11 conditional novelty 6.0

    Splatblox creates a traversability-aware ESDF from RGB-LiDAR fusion via Gaussian Splatting, enabling semantic navigation that outperforms prior methods by over 50% success rate in vegetated field trials on quadruped a...

  18. SplatSearch: Instance Image Goal Navigation for Mobile Robots using 3D Gaussian Splatting and Diffusion Models

    cs.RO 2025-11 conditional novelty 6.0

    SplatSearch combines sparse-view 3D Gaussian Splatting, multi-view diffusion inpainting, and semantic/visual frontier scoring to achieve viewpoint-invariant instance image-goal navigation in unknown environments.

  19. MorphIt: Flexible Spherical Approximation of Robot Morphology for Representation-driven Adaptation

    cs.RO 2025-07 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    MorphIt is a gradient-based spherical approximation framework for robot morphology that provides tunable control over accuracy-efficiency tradeoffs and outperforms baselines in speed and geometric fidelity.

  20. LangFlash: Feed-forward 3D Language Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Unposed Images

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    LangFlash introduces a feed-forward model for 3D language Gaussian splatting from sparse unposed images, claiming superior novel view synthesis and semantic consistency via enriched training data and sparse semantic encoding.

  21. Genie Sim PanoRecon: Fast Immersive Scene Generation from Single-View Panorama

    cs.RO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    A feed-forward Gaussian-splatting system reconstructs photo-realistic 3D scenes from single-view panoramas in seconds via cube-map decomposition and depth-aware fusion for robotic simulation use.

  22. A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Applications: Segmentation, Editing, and Generation

    cs.CV 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 3.0

    A survey that categorizes and summarizes methods applying 3D Gaussian Splatting to segmentation, editing, generation, and related tasks, including datasets and evaluation protocols.